Download The Civil War

The Civil War: 1861—1865
I. The Civil War
A. The Start of the Civil War, 1861
1. When Lincoln was elected in 1860, 7 Southern states __________________________ from the Union & formed the
__________________________________________ of America
2. The Civil War began when _______________________________________ was fired upon by Confederate soldiers
3. 4 more Southern states seceded in 1861 when Lincoln called for military volunteers to “_____________________”
B. Strategies & Advantages
1. The Union strategy during the war was called the _____________________ Plan:
a. ____________________ the coast, seize the Mississippi River to _______________ the South, & take Richmond
b. Exploit South’s dependency on foreign trade & its inability to _________________________________ weapons
c. Relied on Northern advantages in ________________________, _____________________, & military
2. The Confederate strategy during the war was an _____________________________________________________:
a. Protect Southern territory from “Northern aggression” but _______________________ into Union territory when
the opportunity presents itself
b. Get ______________ & ______________ to join their cause because of European dependency on “King Cotton”
c. ______________________ the war as long as possible to make the North quit
C. Political Leadership During the Civil War
1. During the Civil War, President Lincoln used “______________________________” to protect “national security”:
a. Suspended _____________________________________ (Laws requiring evidence before citizens can be jailed)
b. Closed down ___________________________ that did not support the war
2. During the Civil War, President _______________________________________ had a difficult time:
a. The CSA Constitution protected _____________________________________ so state governors could refuse to
send him money or troops
b. CSA _______________________ inflated by 7,000%
3. The national government in the USA & CSA relied on _____________________________ armies in the beginning,
but soon needed _______________________________ (draft) to supply their armies with troops
II. Fighting the Civil War: 1861-1863
A. From 1861 to mid-1863, the Confederate army was ____________________ the Civil War:
1. Defensive strategy carried out by superior Southern generals like ___________________ & ___________________
2. ___________________________ among military & political leaders in the North
B. Battles:
1. ___________________________ (Manassas), 1861: The 1st battle of the Civil War; Stonewall Jackson kept the
Union army from taking the CSA capital at Richmond
2. From 1861-1862, the CSA had success in the _______________, but the USA had success in the _______________
3. Antietam, 1862
a. Antietam, 1862: General Lee’s 1st attempt to invade ____________________ the CSA was halted by McClellan
b. Even though the Battle of ________________________ ended without a clear winner, it had important effects on
the North:
(i) The battle convinced Britain & France not to __________________ the Confederacy in the war
(ii) The battle convinced Lincoln that the time was right to make the ___________________________ of slaves
the new focus of the war for the North
4. After Antietam, Lincoln issued the _______________________________________:
a. This executive order freed all slaves in __________________________________ territories
b. It did not free slaves in the ______________________________ but it gave the North a new reason fight
c. Inspired Southern slaves to _______________________ which forced Southern whites to worry about their farms
5. After Antietam, the Confederates continued to ____________ in the East
C. Conclusions: 1861-1863
1. Despite being __________________________ & under-equipped, the CSA dominated the fighting in the East from
1861-1863 due to better generals & a ______________________ strategy
2. But, the Union Army was having success in the West under the leadership of _______________________________
3. By mid-1863, the weight of the Northern ____________________________ & industrial capacity will begin to turn
the tide of the war in favor of the Union
III. Fighting the Civil War: 1863-1865
A. When the Civil War began, most expected the fighting to end ________________, but the war lasted until 1865 due to:
1. The commitment of the Union & Confederacy to “________________________”
2. Excellent Southern generals like Robert E. Lee & Stonewall Jackson
3. Improved, industrial weaponry; New weapons but old _________________:
a. Long-range artillery & the Gatling gun (1st ______________________ gun)
b. Cone-shaped bullets & grooved barrel rifles for more ______________________
c. _______________________ naval ships like the USS Monitor & CSS Virginia
d. Old tactics such as massed formations & frontal assaults; Led to huge _______________________ rates
B. The Tide of the War Turns in 1863
1. By 1863, the Confederacy was having difficulty _______________________________ the fight:
a. Attempts to lure Britain & France into the war had _____________________
b. The Union blockade, limited Southern manufacturing, & lack of grain fields left CSA soldiers _______________
c. To pay for the war, the CSA _____________________ money leading to massive inflation
2. Gettysburg, 1863:
a. In July, Robert E Lee decided to take advantage of his victory at Chancellorsville & attack __________________
soil to end the war quickly by crushing Union ________________
b. Gettysburg proved to be the ______________________________ of the war; Lee was halted, the CSA never
again attacked ____________________ soil, & the Union army began ______________________ the war
3. _________________________, 1863: Grant cut off Southern access to Mississippi River & __________________
the South into two halves; Grant was then promoted to lead the entire Union army
4. Gettysburg Address
C. Fighting the Civil War: 1863-1865
1. Under Grant’s leadership, the Union army was more ___________ & committed to destroy the South’s will to fight:
a. Grant appointed William T. _______________________ to lead Southern campaign
b. Sherman destroyed everything of value to the South & emancipated slaves during his “____________________”
c. Sherman considered “total war” ___________________________ to defeat the South
d. The Battle of ______________________ was a huge victory for the Union because it took out a major Southern
___________________ terminus
2. The election of 1864:
a. Lincoln faced a tough ________________________ campaign against George McClellan
b. The North’s war _________________________ were the key election issue
c. When Atlanta fell during Sherman’s “March to the Sea,” Lincoln was overwhelmingly reelected
d. In his 2nd inaugural address, Lincoln promised a Reconstruction Plan for the Union with “__________________
towards none & ______________________ for all”
3. Appomattox, 1865: Grant defeated Lee at ________________________________ ending the Civil War
4. From 1863-1865, the lack of Southern resources & _____________________ as well as the Northern advances into
the South led to the end of the Civil War
5. Northern celebration was short lived; On April 14, 1865, Lincoln was shot by ______________________________
D. Effects of the Civil War:
1. __________________________ troops were dead; More than any other U.S. war
2. The ____________ Amendment was ratified in 1865 ending slavery
3. The war forever ended the ___________________________ argument
4. The South was destroyed; A _______________ was needed to admit Southern states back into the Union