Download Photosynthesis/Respiration Powerpoint

• Energy is all around you!
• You can hear energy as sound.
• You can see energy as light.
• And you can feel it as wind.
Nature of Energy
 You use energy when
you:
 hit a softball.
 lift your backpack.
 compress a spring.
Forms of Energy
 There are several forms energy can take:
 Heat
 Electromagnetic
 Nuclear
 Mechanical
Chemical
Light
So…. What is Energy?
Energy- the ability to do work. Can
be converted from one type of
energy to another.
 Ex. Gas in your car is burned to
create mechanical energy(motion)
 Ex. Solar energy cells turn light
energy into electrical energy
Nature of Energy
Living organisms need energy for growth and
movement. Living organisms mainly use
Light and Chemical Energy.
Photosynthesis
 Photosynthesis- process in which
plants convert light energy into
chemical energy(food). Occurs in the
leaves of plants in organelles called
chloroplasts.
Photosynthesis-starts all ecological food webs!
Things needed for photosynthesis
SUNLIGHT
Gives the plant energy
CHLOROPHYLL
WATER
Travels up from the
roots
CARBON DIOXIDE
Enters the leaf through small holes on the
underneath
The green stuff
in chloroplasts
that convert
light energy to
chemical energy
by combining
water (H2O)and
carbon dioxide
(CO2) to create
glucose
(C6H12O6)
How do we know that plants make food from just
carbon dioxide, water and light energy?
Experiments!!
 For example:
Jan Baptist van Helmont
(1648) planted a willow
tree weighing 5 pounds
into 200 pounds of soil
and then after 5 years the
tree weighed 169 pounds
and the soil was still nearly
200 lbs.
Photosynthesis Equation
CO2 + H2O  C6H12O6 + O2
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Water(6 H2O)
+
carbon dioxide(6 CO2)
glucose(C6H12O6)
+ oxygen(6 O2)
Starch, Protein and
Oil Synthesis
 Glucose is a short term energy
molecule for plants when burned
up by cellular respiration in
mitochondria
 Plants convert glucose to
starches, proteins and oils for
storage by a process called
dehydration synthesis. This
process occurs in plastids in the
cell.
How do Cells get Energy?
• Energy for living things comes from food. Originally,
the energy in food comes from the sun. Whether you
are an autotroph- make your own food or a
heterotroph- eat your food … All organisms burn up
food for daily energy needs.
Types of Food(Macromolecules)
 Proteins- digested into amino acids
 Lipids- digested into fatty acids and
glycerol
 Carbohydrates- digested into
glucose
All 3 types of
food can be used
for energy, but
glucose is the
main energy
molecule used.
Cells Use Energy
 Cells cannot use glucose
directly for energy. Glucose
must be converted into another
energy molecule called ATP,
Adenosine Triphosphate
The conversion of glucose to
ATP occurs in the
mitochondria and is called
cellular respiration.
Cellular Respiration- burning up glucose to create ATP
 Burning something
requires oxygen
 Organisms take in
oxygen(O2) so they can
burn up glucose during
cellular respiration.
Cellular Respiration Equation
C6H12O6 + O2
CO2 + H2O
C6H12O6 + 6O2
6 CO2 + 6H2O
So…. Where’s the ATP ??
Glucose(C6H12O6) + oxygen (O2)
water(H2O)
+
carbon dioxide(CO2)
Cellular Respiration Equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2
6CO2 + 6H2O
The ATP energy is produced by splitting the
glucose molecule. It takes 2 ATP molecules to
split the high energy bond of glucose, releasing 38
ATP molecules. 38 ATP – 2 ATP = a net of 36 ATP
2
ATP
=
36
Net
ATP
Pause for a moment…??
C6H12O6 + 6O2
Cellular respiration
6CO2 + 6H2O
 Where have I seen these letters before???
 They look so familiar??? … I know, I remember …..
6CO2 + 6H20
Photosynthesis
C6H12O6 + 6O2
 The equation for cellular respiration is the exact
opposite of the equation for photosynthesis. Isn’t life
symmetrical!!
Cellular Respiration Equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2
6CO2 + 6H2O
This type of cellular respiration is called Aerobic
Respiration- converting glucose to ATP in the
presence of oxygen. Produces 36 molecules of
ATP
2
ATP
=
36
Net
ATP
• Aerobic Respiration mostly occurs in the
mitochondria
Electrons carried in NADH
Mitochondria
In Cytoplasm
Glucose
Krebs
Cycle
Glycolysis
2
2
Electrons
carried in
NADH and
FADH2
Electron
Transport Chain
32
Anaerobic Respiration:
occurs when no oxygen is
available to the cell (2 kinds: Alcoholic and Lactic Acid)
• Also called fermentation
• Much less ATP produced than in aerobic respiration
•Alcoholic fermentation—occurs in bacteria and
yeast
Process used in the baking and brewing
industry—yeast produces CO2 gas during
fermentation to make dough rise and give bread
its holes
glucose
ethyl alcohol + carbon dioxide + 2 ATP
• Lactic acid fermentation—occurs in muscle cells
Lactic acid is produced in the muscles during rapid
exercise when the body cannot supply enough oxygen
to the tissues—causes burning sensation in muscles
glucose
lactic acid + carbon dioxide + 2 ATP
How do Cells Use ATP
• All energy is stored in the bonds of compounds—breaking the
bond releases the energy. Breaking the bond on the 3rd
phosphate releases energy for the cell to use.
• When the cell has food energy available it can “recharge” the
molecule by adding a phosphate group back to ADP, producing
ATP
Energy from ATP is released for
when a phosphate molecule is
removed creating a lower energy
molecule called ADP.
Energy from glucose(cellular
respiration) is used to push
the loose phosphate molecule
back to create high energy
ATP.
Overview of photosynthesis and
respiration
SUN
Would anyone like to sing
“The Circle of Life”??
RADIANT
ENERGY
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
GLUCOSE
RESPIRATION
ATP(ENERGY)
CELL
ACTIVITIES