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During the Dorian period, Greek civilization
experienced decline. However, two things
changed life in Greece. First, Dorians and
Mycenaeans alike began to identify less with
the culture of their ancestors and more with
the local area where they lived. Second, by
the end of this period, the method of governing
areas had changed from tribal or clan control
to more formal governments—the city-states.
The polis
was
Fundamental political unit
It consisted of
City and its surrounding countryside.
Agora
Inhabited by
Gathered at
Fewer than 10 thousand residents
Organized
Acropolis
Different forms of government
Like
Monarchy
Aristocracy
Ruled by
Ruled by
A king.
A small
group of
nobles.
Oligarchy
Ruled by
A few
powerful
people.
Tyrants
Ruled by
Powerful
individuals.
Building a Democracy
A struggle between
Rich and poor
Made reformers moved toward
Democracy.
Means
rule by the people
Thru the reforms of
Solon
Draco
Said
Outlawed
Organized
Cleisthenes
Created
Divided society
All citizens
All Athenians
Were equal
Under the law.
Debt slavery
Into
Four social classes.
Contributed
A limited democracy
That excluded
Women, slaves and foreigners
Council of
Five Hundred.
In 10 groups
Education
Benefited only
Only
Boys
Were prepared to be
Good citizens
They studied
Wealthy persons
Not
Girls
Were educated
At home
Some learned to
Reading, grammar, poetry,
history, mathematics, and music
Read and write.
Were trained in
Most of them
Logic and public speaking
Stayed home.
Engaged in
Athletic activities.
Later will attend
Military School
Sparta
Conquered
Who
became
The Messenians
Helots
Fear of
A revolt
Led to
a military state.
Formed by
A government
With several branches
Assembly
Voted
Council of
Elders
5 elected
officials
Proposed
Executed
A Society
Powerful army
On top
Harsh life
Citizens
2 Kings
Then
Ruled
Non-Citizens
On bottom
Laws
Military
forces
Boys
Girls
Lived in
barracks
Had some
Until 30
Military
training
Served
Enjoyed
Until 60
Considerable
freedom
Helots
Darius
Invaded
Greeks in Ionia
Then he Invaded
First
Persian Wars
The shift
Bronze to iron weapons
Contributed to
A new type of Army
Marathon
In which the
Where
Hoplites
He was defeated
Formed
Then
Then
Xerxes
Invaded
Thermopiles
There
300 spartans
Blocked his advance
Athenians
Had time to Prepared
Phalanx
Pheidippides
For war
Ran
From Marathon to Athens
And
Defeated Xerxes
To warn
The athenians
So
Darius retreated
At
Salamis
Plataea
Several City-States
Formed
The Delian League
Where
Athens emerged as its leader
And
Used its power
To
Control the other cities.
Which
Became provinces
In
The Athenian Empire
Setting the stage
For Golden Age