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The Blood Functions • The transportation of dissolved gases, nutrients, hormones, and metabolic waste. • The regulation of the pH and Ion composition of interstitial fluids. (Diffusion of these fluids releases them from tissues and allows for transport for removal or storage) • The restriction of fluid losses at injury sites. (blood clotting) • Defense against toxins and pathogens. (Antibodies) • The stabilization of body temperature. (Redistributes heat from skeletal muscles to neighboring tissues) Components of Blood • 46-63% Plasma- Water is 92%, Plasma proteins 7%, other solutes 1% • Plasma proteins (Albumins that regulate osmotic pressures and transport of hormones or lipids, Globulins contributor for immune system, Fibrinogen component for clotting system) • Solutes (Electrolytes- ions for cellular activity and osmotic pressures, organic nutrients- used for ATP production as well as growth and maintenance) • Organic Waste (carried to sites for breakdown or excretion) Components of Blood • 37-54% Formed Elements- 99.9% Red Blood cells, .1% White blood cells and Platelets. • Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)- carry oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients • White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)- 5 classes of cells that defend the body from infections and foreign material • Platelets- small membrane bound cell fragments that contain enzymes for blood clotting. Blood typing Blood Typing terms • Surface Antigens- recognized substances of the blood that are left alone. • Blood type- classification of a person’s blood based upon the composition of the specific surface antigen on the RBC membrane. • Agglutinogens- surface antigens that are ignored by the immune system “left alone” Blood Typing terms Cont. • Agglutinate- when the antigens of the red blood cell membrane are not recognizable the antibodies of the blood clump these cells together for removal. • Agglutination- The process of clumping non-recognizable blood types. Rh Factors to Blood