Download The Blood

The Blood
Functions
• The transportation of dissolved gases, nutrients, hormones, and
metabolic waste.
• The regulation of the pH and Ion composition of interstitial fluids.
(Diffusion of these fluids releases them from tissues and allows for
transport for removal or storage)
• The restriction of fluid losses at injury sites. (blood clotting)
• Defense against toxins and pathogens. (Antibodies)
• The stabilization of body temperature. (Redistributes heat from
skeletal muscles to neighboring tissues)
Components of Blood
• 46-63% Plasma- Water is 92%, Plasma proteins 7%, other solutes 1%
• Plasma proteins (Albumins that regulate osmotic pressures and
transport of hormones or lipids, Globulins contributor for
immune system, Fibrinogen component for clotting system)
• Solutes (Electrolytes- ions for cellular activity and osmotic
pressures, organic nutrients- used for ATP production as well as
growth and maintenance)
• Organic Waste (carried to sites for breakdown or excretion)
Components of Blood
• 37-54% Formed Elements- 99.9% Red Blood cells, .1% White blood
cells and Platelets.
• Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)- carry oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients
• White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)- 5 classes of cells that defend the body from
infections and foreign material
• Platelets- small membrane bound cell fragments that contain enzymes for
blood clotting.
Blood typing
Blood Typing terms
• Surface Antigens- recognized substances of the blood that are left
alone.
• Blood type- classification of a person’s blood based upon the
composition of the specific surface antigen on the RBC membrane.
• Agglutinogens- surface antigens that are ignored by the immune
system “left alone”
Blood Typing terms Cont.
• Agglutinate- when the antigens of the red blood cell membrane are
not recognizable the antibodies of the blood clump these cells
together for removal.
• Agglutination- The process of clumping non-recognizable blood
types.
Rh Factors to Blood