Download Final`s Study Review Chapter 16 Which scientist formulated the

Final’s Study Review
Chapter 16
1. Which scientist formulated the theory of evolution through natural selection?
2. Farmer’s use of the best livestock for breeding is an example of
3. Lamarck's ideas about evolution were wrong because he proposed that
4. A bird's wings are homologous to a(n)
mosquito's wings, alligator's claws, fish's tailfin. dog's front leg
5. Lyell's Principles of Geology influenced Darwin because it explained how
NA an6. DNA and RNA provide evidence of evolution because
7. The ability of an individual organism to survive and reproduce in its natural environment is called
8. Descent with modification is an important concept in whose theory of evolution by natural selection?
9. Which of the following does NOT provide evidence for evolution?
homologous structures of living organisms
natural variation within a species
geographical distribution of living things
fossil record
10. 10. What process produced the two different types of beaks shown?
11. 11. The large ground finch obtains food by cracking seeds. Its short, strong beak is an example of
Chapter 17
1. Which of the following conditions is most likely to result in changes in allele frequencies in a
population?
random mating, small population size, no migrations into or out of a population, absence of natural
selection
2.
Mutations and the genetic recombination that occurs during sexual reproduction are both
sources of
3. In a population of lizards, the smallest and largest lizards are more easily preyed upon
than medium-size lizards. What kind of natural selection is most likely to occur in this
situation?
4.
Populations of antibiotic-resistant bacteria are the result of the process of
A
5.
If species A and B have very similar genes and proteins , what is probably true?
Species A evolved independently of species B for a long period.
Species A is younger than species B.
Species A is older than species B.
Species A and B share a relatively recent common ancestor.
6.
When two species reproduce at different times, the situation is called
7.
The length of time that two taxa have been evolving separately can be estimated using
8.
The graphs below show the changes in crab color at one beach.
What process occurred over the 40-year period?
directional selection
stabilizing selection
artificial selection
disruptive selection
9. Which of the following is MOST likely to have caused the change in the distribution?
A new predator arrived that preferred light-tan crabs.
A new predator arrived that preferred dark-tan crabs.
A change in beach color made medium-tan crabs the least visible to predators.
A change in beach color made medium-tan crabs the most visible to predators.
Chapter 18
1.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Linnaeus's system for naming organisms?
two-part name
new predator arrived that preferred dark-tan crabs.
multipart name describing several traits
name that identifies the organism's genus
name that includes the organism's species identifier
2. In which of the following are the Linnaean ranks in correct order?
phylum, kingdom, species
genus, order, family
kingdom, phylum, class
order, class, family
3. In the six-kingdom system of classifying living things, which kingdoms contain unicellular
organisms?
Eubacteria only
Eubacteria and "Protista" only
Archaebacteria only
Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Plantae, and "Protista"
4.
If species A and B have very similar genes, which of the following statements is probably true?
Species A evolved independently of species B for a long period.
Species A and species B are the same species.
Species A and B shared a relatively recent common ancestor.
Species A is older than species B.
5. The taxon called Eukarya is a(n)
order.
kingdom.
phylum
domain.
6.
Members of the kingdom "Protista" are classified into
two domains.
three domains.
three species.
three kingdoms.
7.
The cladogram below shows the evolutionary relationships among four groups of plants.
Which of the following groups, taken by themselves, do not form a clade?
mosses and ferns
cone-bearing plants and flowering plants
ferns, cone-bearing plants, and flowering plants
mosses, ferns, cone-bearing plants, and flowering plants
8.
Which of the following groups share the most recent common ancestor?
cone-bearing plants and flowering plants
mosses and ferns
mosses and cone-bearing plants
ferns and flowering plants
9. .Which derived character appeared first during the course of the plants' evolution?
seeds
embryo
flowers
vascular tissues
Chapter 3
1.
A group of individuals that belong to a single species and that live together in a defined
area is termed a(n)
2.
Which of the following is not true about matter in the biosphere?
Matter is recycled in the biosphere.
Biogeochemical cycles transform and reuse molecules.
The total amount of matter decreases over time.
Water and nutrients pass between organisms and the environment.
3.
Which is a source of energy for Earth's living things?
sunlight only
wind energy and sunlight
wind energy only
sunlight and chemical energy
4. Which of the following is a primary producer?
a carnivore, like a lion
an omnivore, like a human
a producer, like algae
a detritivore, like an earthworm
5. Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels, move carbon through the carbon
cycle. Which other processes also participate in the carbon cycle?
biological processes only
geochemical processes only
chemical processes only
a combination of biological, geological, and chemical processes
6.
What are the physical, or nonliving components of an ecosystem called?
7.
The diagrams below represent the amount of biomass and the numbers of organisms in an ecosystem.
What can you conclude about the ecosystem from the pyramid of numbers shown?
There are more first-level consumers than primary producers.
There are more producers than first-level consumers.
There are more third-level consumers than second-level consumers.
There are more second-level consumers than third-level consumers.
8.
What can you conclude about the producers in the ecosystem based on the two pyramids
shown?
The producers in the ecosystem are probably very small organisms.
There are no producers in the ecosystem.
Decomposers in the ecosystem outnumber the producers in the ecosystem.
The producers in the ecosystem are probably large organisms.