Download Name Date ______ Mrs. Geithner-Marron (Bio 200) Period ______

Name ______________________________________
Mrs. Geithner-Marron (Bio 200)
Date ________
Period _______
Genetics & Evolution Review Sheet Test 2011-12
Genetics
1. What is a gamete?
2. How many chromosomes are found in a human gamete?
3. How does the number of chromosomes in a human gamete compare to the number of
chromosomes in a human body (somatic) cell? Why is this important?
4. What is an allele?
5. Compare/contrast dominant & recessive alleles.
6. How many alleles for a single trait do we get from each parent?
7. What is genotype?
8. What is phenotype?
9. What does it mean when an organism’s genotype is homozygous? How is this represented?
10. What does it mean when an organism’s genotype is heterozygous? How is this represented?
11. Why must an organism that shows the recessive trait be homozygous for that trait?
12. The trait we see (ex. flower color, hair color, etc.) is due to the ________________ that is
made as a result of transcription and translation.
13. In a Punnett Square, the letters along top & side represent ____________.
14. In a Punnett Square, the boxes represent ____________.
15. A female has which 2 sex chromosomes? ____________ A male? ____________
Name ______________________________________
Mrs. Geithner-Marron (Bio 200)
Date ________
Period _______
16. Which parent’s chromosomes determine the sex of the offspring? Explain your reasoning.
17. What is codominance?
18. What is meant by multiple alleles? Give an example of a trait that is controlled by multiple
alleles. Even if a gene has multiple alleles, a person can only have how many of those alleles?
19. When a trait is sex-linked it is carried on only which type of chromosome (body or sex)?
20. _____(Males/Females)_____ will have only 1 allele for traits carried on the X chromosome.
21. When making a Punnett Square for ______________ traits (such as hemophilia), you must
consider the sex chromosome (X or Y) & gene it carries (shown as superscript/exponent)
together as a unit… ex. XG.
22. What does it mean that a female is a carrier for an X-linked trait?
23. Sex-linked traits that are controlled by recessive alleles on the X-chromosome are more likely
to show up in _____(males/females)_____. Why?
24. What category (autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, sex-linked, or chromosomal
abnormality) do the following genetic disorders fall into?
a. Cystic Fibrosis, Sickle-cell Anemia, Tay-Sachs Disease
b. Huntington’s Disease
c. Hemophilia & Color Blindness
d. Down Syndrome (trisomy 21) & Klinefelter’s Syndrome (XXY)
25. What is non-disjunction? What genetic disorders result from non-disjunction?
Name ______________________________________
Mrs. Geithner-Marron (Bio 200)
Date ________
Period _______
Evolution Multiple Choice (40 pts.)
26. What formed in the ocean before the first cells?
27. Which gas was not part of Earth’s early atmosphere?
28. The first cells were _________trophic.
29. Define evolution.
30. What are the 4 mechanisms of evolution? Give a brief description of each.
31. Describe Jean-Baptiste Lamarck’s explanation for how evolution. What was his theory called?
Give an example.
32. What are Darwin’s 4 main points related to his “Theory of Natural Selection”? Give an example
of each.
33. What are the 4 things that can cause variations amongst the individuals of a population? Give a
brief description of how each causes variation.
Name ______________________________________
Mrs. Geithner-Marron (Bio 200)
Date ________
Period _______
34. Darwin did not have knowledge of __________.
35. Who came up with a similar explanation for evolution as Darwin?
36. Compare the depth of a rock layer with it age.
37. What is a homologous structure? Give an example.
38. What is an analogous structure? Give an example.
39. What is a vestigial structure? Give an example.
40. How do embryos, provide evidence for evolution?
41. How does biochemistry (DNA, amino acids, proteins, etc.) provide evidence for evolution?
42. Are adaptations a response to the environment (a choice) or do they just happen to be “useful”
when the environment changes? Explain your reasoning.
43. _______________ for evolution includes the fossil record, comparative anatomy, comparative
embryology, comparative biochemistry, and direct observation (such as antibiotic-resistant
bacteria and pesticide-resistant insects).