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Chapter 16 Team Study Worksheet
1. What is ecology?
2. Explain the difference between habitat, community, and ecosystem.
3. What are abiotic factors? Give examples.
4. What are biotic factors? Give examples.
5. What is biodiversity?
6. What are pioneer species?
7. What is ecological succession?
8. Explain the difference between primary succession and secondary succession.
9. List in order, from pioneer species to climax community, the correct order of community types that might occur in
eastern North Carolina as a result of primary succession.
10. What is the most important factor that controls the kinds and numbers of organisms that can live in an ecosystem?
11. What is the primary source of energy for life on Earth?
12. How is light energy made available to all organisms in an ecosystem?
13. What is primary productivity?
14. Explain the difference between producer and consumers. Give example of each.
15. What is a trophic level?
16. What is a food chain?
17. What kinds of organisms occupy the first trophic level of a food chain?
18. What are herbivores? On what trophic level of a food chain are they found?
19. What are carnivores? What trophic level are they on?
20. What are omnivores?
21. Explain the difference between detritivores and decomposers.
22. What is a food web?
23. What happens to the amount of energy as it is transferred from one trophic level to another? Why?
24. What is an ecological pyramid?
25. Explain why food chains do not normally exceed four trophic levels.
26. How much energy is available at the third trophic level of an energy pyramid if 10,000 kcal is available in the first
level?
27. How would a food web be affected if the plants were eliminated?
28. What are biogeochemical cycles?
29. How does carbon become part of organic molecules in living things?
30. List three ways that carbon atoms are returned to the abiotic environment.
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Chapter 16 Team Study Worksheet
Answer Section
SHORT ANSWER
1. The study of the interactions of organisms with their environment.
2. Habitat is the physical space where and organism lives. Community refers to all the organisms in a habitat.
Ecosystem is the community of organisms plus the nonliving components of the habitat.
3. The nonliving components of an ecosystem such as temperature, light, water, and soil.
4. The living things in an ecosystem including plants, animals, protists, fungi and bacteria
5. The variety of organsisms, their genetic diversity, and the ecosystems in which they occur.
6. The first species to colonize a new habitat.
7. The regular progression of species replacement that occurs in an area where habitat destruction has occurred.
8. Primary succession occurs where organisms have never lived before. Secondary succession occurs in areas that
have previously been colonized by organisms such as an abandoned field.
9. moss→grass/herb→shrub→pine→oak
10. Energy.
11. sunlight
12. photosynthesis captures light energy and stores it as chemical energy in organic molecules
13. The rate at which organic molecules are produced by photosynthesis.
14. Producers are organisms that can make their own food from inorganic molecules and a source of energy such as
light. They include plants, algae, and some bacteria
Consumers are organisms that must ingest other organisms as food. They include animals, fungi, some protists, and
some bacteria.
15. Feeding levels in an ecosystem.
16. The path of energy through a single set of trophic levels in an ecosystem.
17. Producers
18. Consumers that feed on producers. They are on the second trophic level and may be called primary consumers.
19. Consumers that feed on other consumers. They may be on the third trophic level (secondary consumer) or fourth
trophic level (tertiary consumer)
20. Consumers that feed on producers or other consumers.
21. Detritivores are animals that feed on the wastes and dead body of other organisms. Decomposers are bacteria and
fungi that bring about the decay of dead organisms so that nutrients can be recycled through an ecosystem.
22. All of the interconnected food chains in an ecosystem.
23. It decreases. At every energy transfer much of the energy is lost as useless heat.
24. A graphic device that used to show the relative amount of energy, biomass or number of organisms on each trophic
level in an ecosystem.
25. About 90% of energy at one trophic level is lost or unavailable to the next. Efficiency of energy transfer is only
about 10%.
26. 100 kcal
27. The food web would collapse.
28. The closed pathways by which matter is cycled through ecosystems.
29. photosynthesis
30. cellular respiration, decomposition, combustion
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