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Sentence Diagramming Rationale for Learning Sentence Diagramming • Visually depicts relationships between & among parts of speech • Visually depicts relationships between & among sentence parts • Hands-on method for learning parts of speech and sentence parts • Students can easily display knowledge of parts of speech • Helps visual and spatial learners • Helps mathematically minded students • Helps prepare students for study of foreign language Simple Sentences • Horizontal line represents the sentence • Vertical line separates the subject and the predicate verb subject Dogs bark Diagram these sentences: • • • • 1. 2. 3. 4. Ted ate. Students study. Carpenters build. Redlands exists. Subject modifiers (adjectives & articles) go on slanted lines under the words they modify. subject verb students ate Diagram these sentences: • 1. The dogs bark. • 2. Brave soldiers fight. • 3. The successful student studied. Predicate modifiers (such as adverbs) go on slanted lines under the words they modify. subject verb Diagram these sentences: • 1. Dogs bark loudly. • 2. The diamond earrings sparkled beautifully. • 3. The coyote sings mournfully. • 4. The beautiful woman sat calmly. Direct Objects (noun or pronoun that receives the action--find the D.O. ask: who or what was verbed?) go on the predicate line following the verb. The verb and the d.o. are divided by a vertical line that does not cross the horizontal line. subject verb direct object Diagram these sentences: • 1. I hugged Danny. • 2. John threw tomatoes. • 3. She loves Harry Potter. preposition + noun/pronoun = prepositional phrase • The noun at the end of a prepositional phrase is called the object of the preposition. • Prepositional phrases function as adjectives and adverbs. • Prepositional phrases may contain adjectives and adverbs. • Single sentences can have many prepositional phrases. To diagram prepositional phrases… • Draw the horizontal sentence line. • Draw the vertical subject/predicate line. • Add the subject and the verb. subject verb object of prep. •Add a diagonal line for the preposition •Add a horizontal line for the object of the preposition •Add a diagonal line for the modifier of the object of the prep. Diagram these sentences: • 1. I went with Mary. • 2. I walked across the road. • 3. After school, they rode their bikes. • 4. Without hesitation, I lifted my backpack onto the train. Linking Verbs…(most common is to be) • show an emotional state or a state of being • cannot be active verbs at the same time (some verbs can be either active or linking, such as feel, taste, etc.) • do not take a direct object • are followed by a noun/pronoun or an adjective • connect the subject to a noun/pronoun or an adjective Predicate nominatives follow linking verbs. They are nouns or pronouns that follows the verb and describe or rename the subject. • Predicate nominatives are separated by a slanted line that points to the subject. subject verb predicate nominative Diagram these sentences: • • • • 1. 2. 3. 4. Fido is a dog. Tiger Woods was the leader. The fans were an embarrassment. Carla is an unusual suspect. Predicate Adjectives • Adjectives that follow a linking verb. • They modify the subject, not the verb, but they go on the top line because they are part of the predicate. subject verb predicate adjective Diagram these sentences: • • • • 1. 2. 3. 4. Johnna feels sad. Popcorn tastes yummy. The flowers look beautiful. He was sick. Diagram: • The yellow pencils are in the drawer. • Katie went to the store before school. • That handsome man is a business tycoon. Indirect Objects • Some action verbs have an indirect object as well as a direct object. • Indirect objects are usually placed directly before the direct object. • They answer the question “to what/whom?” or “for what/whom?” – Examples: She gave Dave a rose. – I bought the little boy a lollipop. To diagram indirect objects: • • • • • sentence line subject/predicate line subject/verb direct object Indirect object –diagonal line below verb, a little way up the line from the bottom, draw a horizontal line that is attached to the slanted line and is parallel to the core sentence line. subject verb direct object indirect object Diagram these sentences: • Friendly kids give smiles to new students. • The shy boy bought his teacher a Valentine. • Ernesto gave me the research paper. Intensifiers: adverbs that modify adjectives • Examples: – really, so, very, too, quite – extremely, relatively • Diagram: The boy ran very fast. boy ran Compound Subjects • Aunt Amy and Uncle Gary gave us cookies at the picnic. Aunt Amy and Uncle Gary gave us cookies picnic Compound Verbs & D.0.s • They washed and dried the greasy pots and dirty pans. dried and and They pots washed pans Diagram these sentences: • • • • • • • • • • • • 1. The ruby necklace is gorgeous. 2. Sam and Katie went to the store before school. 3. The grumpy woman yelled angrily and slammed the door. 4. Yesterday was a rainy day. 5. Two lonely men walked down the street. 6. Winston and Sam are silly. 7. Mrs. Brown is our teacher. 8. Julie gave Steven the book. 9. The bird flew gracefully over the ocean. 10. Today is Wednesday. 11. Kelli and Chet cook dinner on weekends. 12. No one likes Dick and Jane.