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Download There are six links in the chain of infection:
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The Chain of Infection As healthcare professionals, it is important to understand two facts about infection: infection 1.The various ways infection can be transmitted. 2. The ways the infection chain can be broken. There are six links in the chain of infection: 1st - The Infectious Agent - Any disease-causing microorganism (pathogen) Infectious Agent The Chain of Infection 1 2nd - The Reservoir Host The Chain of Infection -The organism in which the infectious microbes reside Infectious Agent What are “Carrier Hosts?” Hosts that do not show any outward signs or symptoms of a disease, but are still capable of transmitting the disease are known as carriers. Reservoir Host 3rd - The Portal of Exit -Route of escape of the pathogen from the reservoir •respiratory secretions • blood exposure • breaks in skin The Chain of Infection Infectious Agent Reservoir Host Portal of Exit 4th – The Route of Transmission -Method by which the pathogen gets from the reservoir to the new host 2 Transmission may occur through: Direct Contact Air The Chain of Infection Infectious Agent Reservoir Host Insects Portal of Exit Mode of Transmission Respiratory System 5th - The Portal of Entry -Route through which the pathogen enters its new host n o i t la a h in 3 Breaks in Protective Skin Barrier Urinary & Reproductive Tracts S co e x nt ua ac l t in ge st io n Gastrointestinal System The Chain of Infection Infectious Agent Reservoir Host Portal of Exit Portal of Entry Mode of Transmission 6th - The Susceptible Host Organisms with strong immune systems are better able to fend off pathogens. The organism that accepts the pathogen •The support of pathogen life and its reproduction depends on the degree of the host’s resistance. 4 Organisms with weakened immune systems are more vulnerable to the support and reproduction of pathogens. The Chain of Infection Infectious Agent Reservoir Host Susceptible Host Portal of Entry How to interrupt the chain of infection: Portal of Exit Mode of Transmission 1. Pathogen Identification The essential part of patient care and self-protection. -Identification of infectious agent and appropriate treatment 2. Asepsis and Hygiene 3. Control Portals of Exit Potential hosts and carriers must practice asepsis and maintain proper personal hygiene Healthcare personnel must practice standard precautions: 5 Control body secretions and wash hands according to protocol. 4. Prevent a Route of Transmission -Prevent direct or indirect contact by: 1. Proper handwashing 2. Disinfection & sterilization techniques 3. Isolation of infected patients 4. Not working when contagious 5. Protect Portal of Entry -healthcare professionals must make sure that ports of entry are not subjected to pathogens. 6. Recognition of Susceptible Host Healthcare professionals must recognize and protect high-risk patients. (nose, mouth, eyes, urinary tract, open wounds, etc.) •Cancer Patients •AIDS Patients “Remember-breaking the chain of Remember--breaking infection is the responsibility of each healthcare professional.” professional.” •Transplant Patients •Infants • Elderly Patients 6