Download Test Topics and Study Questions for Unit 7 DNA and Protein

Topics Covered on the Unit 7 Test
Vocabulary
Nucleic acids
Nucleotide
Polymer
Replication
DNA helicase
DNA polymerase
Semiconservative
Complementary base pairing
Base-pairing rules
Transcription
Transcribe
mRNA
Codon
tRNA
Anticodon
RNA polymerase
Translation
Universal genetic code
Amino acid
Peptide bond
Polypeptide chain
Protein
Ribosomes
rRNA
Chromosome
Base sequence
Mutation
Mutagen
Chromosomal mutations (insertion/deletion/inversion/duplication)
Gene mutations (frameshift/ point – missense/nonsense/silent)
Cloning
Genetic engineering
Genetic resistance
Gene therapy
Biotechnology
Gene splicing
Genetically-engineered organisms
Central dogma
Be able to:
1. Given a template strand of DNA be able to replicate it using the base-pairing rules
2. Know where DNA replication occurs
3. Know what the roles DNA helicase and DNA polymerase enzymes are in replication.
4. Know why transcription must occur and where it occurs
5. Know how RNA is made through transcription from DNA
6. Compare and contrast DNA and RNA in terms of size, bases, # of strands
7. Explain why a cell only transcribes small sections or genes of DNA
8. Compare and contrast Transcription and Replication in terms of what the final product is,
If the entire molecule is copied or just specific genes, what enzymes are involved, where in cell it occurs
9. Translate the codon on an mRNA molecule to determine the amino acid called for
10. Determine the anticodon on the tRNA molecule that is complementary to mRNA
11. Explain the role of the ribosome in translation
12. Know that mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation in organisms
13. Know that mutations can occur spontaneously during DNA replication and meiosis and can also be
caused by environmental factors called mutagens (know the examples in your notes)
14. Identify a mutation as being a chromosomal mutation or a single gene mutation
15. Distinguish between insertion, deletion, translocation, duplication chromosome mutations
16. Distinguish between nonsense, silent, and missense mutations and their outcomes on gene
expression
17. Compare and contrast the benefits and costs of genetic engineering used in agriculture and medicine
18. Know the purpose of the Human Genome Project
19. Know how restriction enzymes are used in gene splicing for the purpose of genetic engineering
20. Know the purposes for using genetic screening
21. Know who “Dolly” is and what biotechnological process she was famously produced by