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The Solar System The Planets The sun is at the center of our solar system and all planets orbit around it. The planets are subdivided into two categories: the inner planets and the outer planets The Inner Planets The inner planets are the four planets closest to the sun. They are also known as the terrestrial (earthlike) planets because they all have rocky crust, dense mantle layers, and very dense cores. These planets include Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. Mercury The planet closest to the sun Orbits the sun in just 88 days Rotates on its axis once every 59 days The smallest of the inner planets, it diameter is 38% that of earth. Temperature: 790* F during the day - 274* F at night Mercury Venus The second planet from the sun. Known as Earth’s sister planet because they are so similar in diameter, mass and gravity Makes one rotation on its axis once every 243 days Orbits the sun in 225 days. Temperature: 860* F Venus Mars The fourth planet from the sun. It’s diameter is half that of Earth Mars takes 687 days to orbit the sun. It’s gravity is two fifths of Earth’s. It’s atmosphere is 95% carbon dioxide Temperature: 79* F to 215* F Moons: 2 Has a red appearance due to the iron oxide in it’s rocks Mars The Outer Planets Separated from the inner planets by an asteroid belt All four planets are gaseous, and are much less dense than Earth All four are much larger than Earth Each of them ring systems that surround them Jupiter The fifth planet from the sun. It makes an orbit around the sun once every 11.9 years It has the fastest rotation of all the planets at just under ten hours Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system Temperature: - 238* F Moons: 63 Jupiter Saturn The sixth planet from the sun Takes 30 years to make one orbit around the sun Saturn has the lowest density of any planet. It would actually float on water Temperature: -290* F Moons: 57 Saturn Uranus The seventh planet from the sun. It takes 84 years to make an orbit around the sun Makes a rotation on its axis once every 17.2 hours Temperature: -353* F Moons: 27 Uranus Neptune The farthest planet from the sun It takes 165 years to orbit the sun It makes a rotation on its once every 16.1 hours Temperature: - 364* F Moons: 13 Neptune Earth Earth’s Statistics Diameter: 7,926 miles at the equator Circumference: 24, 900 miles at the equator Rotation (day): 23 hours, 56 minutes, 4 seconds Revolution (year): 365.25 days Temperature: 59 F (average) Earth’s Statistics As the Earth revolves around the sun it travels at a speed of 67,000 miles per hour. Earth is tilted on its magnetic axis at angle of 23.5 degrees This tilt is responsible for Earth’s seasons. Earth Solstice – the two times each year that the earth’s tilt makes the sun reach it’s greatest angle north or south of the equator, marking the start of summer or winter Summer solstice - June 21st (longest day of the year in Northern hemisphere) Winter solstice – December 21st (shortest day of the year in Northern Hemisphere) Earth Equinox – the two times each year that the sun is directly over the equator and day and night are equal length all over the world: it’s also the start of spring and fall Spring Equinox- March 20th Fall equinox- September 22nd Earth’s Moon Moon’s statistic’s Diameter: 2,156 miles Distance from Earth: 238,600 miles Rotation: 27 days 8hrs Revolution around Earth: 27 days 8hrs Temperature: 225*F (day) -243* F (night) Moon Phases New moon- the side of the moon facing the earth is completely dark, because the moon is between the earth and the sun Full moon- the side of the moon facing the earth is completely lighted; the earth is between the sun and moon Moon phases Waning- describes the moon after a full moon as its visible lighted area gets smaller during the lunar cycle Waxing- describes the moon after a new moon as its visible lighted area gets larger during the lunar cycle Moon Phases http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KUAo_ T__J2A