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Biology 1711
Exam III, Fall ‘08
Name:_____________________________
Remember to read all of the possible answers for each question before choosing the
BEST ANSWER.
1. We believe that the most common protein (total mass) on the planet is:
a. pyruvate decarboxylase.
b. triophosphate isomerase.
c. cytochrome C.
d. rubisco.
e. chlorophyll a.
2. A local regulator/signaling molecule diffuses through extracellular fluid to a cell in
a nearby tissue, binding to an appropriate receptor. This is an example of:
a. synaptic signaling.
b. endocrine signaling.
c. synaptic signaling.
d. paracrine signaling.
e. None of the above is a correct answer to the question.
3. The electron that passes through photosystem I in a green plant was initially derived
from:
a. oxygen.
b. water.
c. NADH.
d. NADPH.
e. CO2.
4. Photosynthesis by green plants would use which of the types/colors of light listed
below most efficiently?
a. infrared
b. green
c. blue
d. ultraviolet
e. Due to a range of accessory photosynthetic pigments, green plants use
nearly all wavelengths of light with equal efficiency.
5. The photosynthetic pigment(s) at the reaction center of both photosystems I and II
of green plants is/are:
a. chlorophyll a.
b. chlorophyll b.
c. carotenoids.
d. cytochrome oxidase.
e. All of the above are pigments found at these reaction centers.
6. The pineapple plant and other CAM plants have adapted to semiarid climates by:
a. utilizing only the dark reactions for photosynthesis.
b. not using water as an electron donor for photosynthesis.
c. using only bundle sheath cells for photosynthesis.
d. eliminating stomata in their leaves.
e. fixing carbon at night.
7. Steroid hormones are somewhat unusual in that their receptors are:
a. located on the outside of the plasma membrane.
b. not involved in signaling pathways.
c. intracellular and commonly found in the cytoplasm.
d. hydrophobic and located inside the plasma membrane.
e. located in the nuclear membrane.
8. Which of the following is NOT commonly used in intracellular signaling pathways
by cells?
a. adenylyl cyclase
b. G proteins
c. calmodulin
d. desmosomes
e. All of the above are found in intracellular signaling pathways.
9. In a C3 plant mesophyll cell, the enzyme rubisco is found:
a. in the cytoplasm only.
b. in the thylakoid membranes.
c. in the chloroplast stroma.
d. in plasmodesmata.
e. in the plasma membrane.
10. The electron transport chain used to make ATP in photosynthesis is found:
a. in the cytoplasm of mesophyll cells.
b. in the mitochondrial matrix.
c. in the chloroplast stroma.
d. in the thylakoid membrane.
e. in the plasma membrane of bundle sheath cells.
11. The electrons received by photosystem I in green plants are ultimately transferred
to:
a. water.
b. FAD+.
c. NAD.
d. NADP+.
e. oxygen.
12. An egg is fertilized by a sperm to produce a single cell called a.
a. binary fusion product
b. spermatocyte.
c. oocyge.
d. Barr body.
e. zygote.
13. Mendel’s Second Law of Heredity, the Law of Independent Assortment, states
a. that two alleles do no influence each other in any way.
b. that the presence of a particular allele does not ensure its encoded trait will
be expressed in an individual carrying that allele.
c. that alternative alleles of a character are passed on
separately/independently of one another and remain distinct when passed
on to the next generation.
d. that genes encoding different [unlinked] characters are passed
independently of one another.
e. that the dominant phenotype will always be expressed in a heterozygote.
14. An excellent example of the genetic phenomenon known as continuous variation
would be:
a. flower color in plants.
b. height in humans.
c. human blood groups.
d. epistasis.
e. fur color in arctic animals.
15. If Mendel had crossed a plant with red flowers with a plant that produced white
flowers and had obtained pink flowers, assuming he wasn’t color blind, he would
have discovered:
a. epistasis
b. pleotropism
c. incomplete dominance
d. multiple allele expression.
e. that he should have avoided non-Mendelian phenomena.
16. The close association of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis is
called:
a. prophasian pairing.
b. linkage.
c. syngamy.
d. diploidy.
e. synapsis.
17. A diploid stem cell that divides many times to produce many new cells that all
eventually differentiate into skeletal muscle would be an example of a/an:
a. somatic cell.
b. zygote.
c. gamete.
d. germ line cell.
e. single-minded cell.
18. During mitosis, the proper order of the phases is:
a. prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, telophase, anaphase.
b. prometaphase, prophase, anaphase ,metaphase, telophase.
c. metaphase, prophase, prometaphase, telophase, anaphase.
d. prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
e. anaphase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, telophase.
19. Chiasmata form during:
a. anaphase I.
b. prophase I.
c. telophase II.
d. prophase II.
e. metaphase I.
20. With respect to meiosis, centromeres split during:
a. metaphase I.
b. prophase I.
c. anaphase I.
d. methaphase II.
e. anaphase II.
21. Mendel’s revolutionary change in performing genetics experiments was to:
a. use peas.
b. use true-breeding plants.
c. repeat each experiment.
d. perform dihybrid crosses.
e. apply mathematics to his results.
22. A purple flowered pea plant is said to be Pp. Pp is this plant’s:
a. genotype.
b. phenotype.
c. karyotype.
d. zygote.
e. Mendelian ratio.
23. A person is determined to have a blood type of AB. At this locus this person is a:
a. dihybrid.
b. zygote.
c. homozygote.
d. heterozygote.
e. heterokaryon.
24. A plant has a dominant phenotype but an unknown genotype. The proper
experiment to determine its correct genotype would be a/an:
a. heterozygotic cross.
b. testcross.
c. homozytic cross.
d. F1 cross.
e. back cross.
25. Mendel’s Law of Segregation is best demonstrated using:
a. a monohybrid cross.
b. a dihybrid cross
c. a testcross.
d. a back cross.
e. two recessive varieties of the gene under study.
26. The expression of human blood groups ia an example of the genetic phenomenon
known as:
a. epistasis.
b. pleotropism.
c. incomplete dominance.
d. codominance.
e. continuous variation.
27. A human cell in anaphase II of meiosis would have a total of ______ chromatids.
a. 23
b. 96
c. 46
d. 46 pair
e. None, the centromeres have already split.
28. A homozygous dominant plant (PP) is crossed with a homozygous recessive plant
(pp). The F1 generation is then self-crossed to produce the F2 generation. The
phenotypic or Mendelian ratio of the offspring will be:
a. 1:3
b. 3:1
c. 9:3:3:1
d. 9:7
e. 2:2
29. Alternate versions of a gene (genetic variations) are termed:
a. introns.
b. haplotypes.
c. alleles.
d. heterozygotes.
e. gametophytes.
30. The chromosomes condense during what phase of meiosis I?
a. prophase I
b. metaphase I
c. cytokinesis
d. telophase I
e. anaphase I
31. The ultimate product(s) of a cell undergoing the process we call meiosis is a/an:
a. syngamy.
b. gamete.
c. zygote.
d. chiasma
e. nucleosome.
32. An allele at one locus affects several phenotypic traits (e.g. cystic fibrosis is caused
by a single defective gene which causes clogged blood vessels, sticky mucus, salty
sweat, liver failure, etc.). This is an example of:
a. continuous variation.
b. codominance.
c. incomplete dominance
d. epistasis.
e. pleiotropic effects.
33. The Calvin cycle in a C4 tropical grass plant occurs in the:
a. mesophyll cells.
b. bundle sheath cells.
c. cytoplasm.
d. thylakoid membranes of all photosynthetic cells.
e. chloroplast inner membrane of all photosynthetic cells.
34. A protein is activated by phosphorylation as part of a signaling cascade. In order
for this protein to be converted back to an inactive state it will likely require the
action of:
a. cAMP.
b. Ca++.
c. a protein kinase.
d. G proteins.
e. a protein phosphatase.
35. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is an example of:
a. an endocrine hormone.
b. a paracrine hormone.
c. a redox cofactor.
d. a product of the Calvin cycle.
e. a second messenger.
36. Which of the following would be an example of a testcross as performed by
Mendel?
a. PP x Pp
b. PP x YY
c. PP x pp
d. Pp x Pp
e. RrYy x RrYy
37. During which phase of meiosis are the tetrads of homologous chromosomes aligned
at the center of the dividing cell?
a.
prophase I
b.
metaphase I
c.
anaphase II
d.
anaphase I
e.
metaphase II
38. During which phase of meiosis do the centromeres uncouple and sister chromatids
migrate to opposite poles of the cell?
a
anaphase I
b.
cytokinesis
c.
metaphase II
d.
anaphase II
e.
metaphase I
39. Between the metaphases of meiosis I and meiosis II,:
a.
there is a full cell cycle.
b.
there is an extended G1 period.
c.
the nuclear membranes do not reform.
d.
the chromosome number is unchanged.
e.
there is no DNA synthesis.
40. Cyclin-dependent kinases function:
a.
to aid in the pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
b.
in signal transduction pathways leading to the activation of G
proteins.
c.
to remove phosphate groups from activated proteins.
d.
to bind cAMP molecules.
e.
as check point regulators for progression through the cell cycle.
41. Mendel crossed two true breeding plants, one with purple flowers and one with
white flowers. The progeny were all purple. In a Mendelian style experiment
these purple progeny represent the:
a.
P generation.
b.
F1 generation.
c.
F2 generation.
d.
gametophyte generation.
e.
testcross.
42. What is the Mendelian or phenotypic ratio for the F2 generation from a typical
dihybrid cross?
a.
2:1
b.
3:1
c.
9:3:3:1
d.
1:1
e.
1:2:1
43. At what point during cell division/replication does genetic recombination occur?
a. prophase I of meiosis
b. S phase
c. prophase II of meiosis
d. prophase of mitosis
e. metaphase I of meiosis
44. During mitosis, the formation of a cleavage furrow and the actual separation of
the cytoplasm of the two daughter cells is called:
a. cytokinesis.
b. meiosis.
c. G2
d. G1
e. anaphase.
45. A Pp flowering pea plant produces purple flowers (“P” is dominant over “p” and
“P” encodes purple flowers. Purple flowers would be considered the plant’s:
a. genotype.
b. phenotype.
c. karyotype.
d. zygote.
e. Mendelian ratio.
46. A convenient way to visualize the possible genotypes of the offspring (and the
expected ratio of each genotype/phenotype) from a genetic cross is to use:
a. a hybridization profile.
b. a Punnett square.
c. a segregation chart.
d. a Mendelian square.
e. a dihybrid cross.
47. At what point during the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
a. prophase
b. S phase
c. anaphase
d. interphase
e. G1
48. Based upon the pedigree drawn to the right, the allele under study is inherited in a
___ fashion.
a. sex linked
b. recessive
c. dominant
d. polygenic
e. epistatic
49. During development of many multicellular organisms, some cells seem to die off
in a preprogrammed fashion. This phenomenon is called:
a. cytokinesis.
b. apoptosis.
c. parthenogenesis.
d. necrosis.
e. carcinogenesis.
50. A pea plant homozygous for the dominant red flower color (P) is crossed with a
pea plant homozygous for the recessive white flower color (p). Offspring are
obtained which are red. A testcross is now performed on these offspring. What
percentage of the resultant plants will produce white flowers?
a.
25%
b.
50%
c.
75%
d.
100%
e.
100% will be pink
51. A zoo keeper observes a white hare (rabbit) while visiting the arctic circle in
northern Canada during the month of January. He decides that the fur of this
animal would be a very nice contrasting animal for display back at the zoo in
Dallas (kept next to a cage of native jackrabbits) and collects several. Several
months later he checks on the new outdoor exhibit (complete with fake ice and
plastic snow… it is warm in Dallas in June) and discovers that apparently
someone has substituted a new species of hare for his more interesting white
one—for these are clearly a mottled brown. Either our keeper is correct about the
larceny or he never was very good at genetics and he has been foiled by:
a. epistasis.
b. pleiotropy.
c. incomplete dominance.
d. environmental effects on phenotype.
e. continuous variation.
52. This is a real bonus question. It is very simple; if you choose “a” you get 2
points. Other answers get no (as in zero) credit. Your choice for this question
should be considered a measure of your subconscious masochistic tendencies-beyond that already indicated by your having demonstrated a desire to spend a
perfectly nice autumn (until yesterday) getting up early (for a college student) to
be inside a building taking Principles of Biology I.
a. The advised answer.
b. I don’t want bonus points even though I need them.
c. I don’t deserve bonus points and refuse to accept them.
d. I want additional points deducted for correct answers on other questions.
e. Please have the Scantron® reader fold, spindle and mutilate my exam
Scantron® beyond recognition, especially where the name is located so I
can receive the zero I deserve because I did not put my name on the exam
form as instructed…