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ANATOMY/PHYSIOLOGY LECTURE Circulatory System Anatomy ▪FUNCTION OF CIRCULATORY SYSTEM ▪1.Transportation — ▪2.Regulation — ▪3.Protection — I. THE HEART ▪Is a ▪It lies in the __________________________(The middle of the chest) with the ______________(The point of the heart) on the diaphragm ▪________lies to the LEFT of the midline ▪________is on the RIGHT side ▪________________________ ▪Covered with a loose fitting inextensible sac which is called the _______________ _________________________________ ▪Heart is lined with serous pericardium which called the ____________________ ▪The last layer is called the ___________________________________ ▪There is a small space between the parietal and visceral layers (Parietal and Visceral are part of the Serous Pericardium) which contains a few drops of __________________ __________________________ which protects the heart against friction. ▪1. _______________________ — The muscle wall itself ▸_________________________________________— Heart Attack 1 ▸Myocarditis — ▪2. _____________________________ — The inside layer, lining (middle layer) ▪3. Epicardium — ▪There are __________________________ and ___________________Cavities (Chambers) ▸1. __________________ — Left and Right Upper Cavities ▸2. ______________________— Left and Right Lower Cavities (Pumping Chambers) –The Left Ventricle is ________ thicker than the Right. –The Ventricle walls are ___________________than the Atrium in order to fight gravity. ▪FACTS: ▸There are about ▸Heart is size of an adults ▸It weighs about ___________ in female, ____________in male ▸It beats __________________________in one lifetime ▸It will pump ________________________ of blood in ________________. ▸One blood cell takes _______________to complete One Cycle (from start to finish). ▪ Between the atrium and the ventricles - __________________________________. ▪These openings are guarded by _____________________________. –_________________________— _______________side of heart (____ ligaments) 2 –_______________________________ — ____________side of heart (____ ligaments) (A.k.a. _____________________________) –Mitral Valve Prolapse?? ▪3 PARTS OF CUSPID VALVES ▪1. ______________— Keeps valve closed ▪2. ___________________________________________— (“Tendon cord”) Connector between #1 and #3 ▪3. _________________________________________— Opens and closes the valve ▪___________________________ — Guard the opening to a blood vessel ▸________________________________________ —Right ventricle into the Pulmonary artery ▸________________________________________ -- Left ventricle into the aorta ▪The branches from the __________________________________start to branch behind the semilunar valves. – Left Ventricle — – Right Ventricle — ▸Each ___________________________receives blood only from one branch of its respective coronary artery. 3 ▸1. ______________________________________________ — Hearts natural pacemaker, small mass of modified _________________________located at the junction of the ____________________________________ and the right atrium. ▸This sets the rate of the heart beat and the heart rate which can be altered by 2 things: ▸ ▸ a. b. ▪2.__________________________________________________ — Small mass of modified cardiac muscle located in the _______________________________ ________________________________________. ▪ ** ___________________________________________: The muscle that divides the two ventricles ▪3. __________________________________________________________________ ▸Special cardiac fiber originating in the AV node. ▸They extend down ___________________________________________to the apex. ▪4. ___________________________________— Extensions of the Bundle of His fibers which extend out the walls of the ventricle. ▪The Right Ventricle __________________________on contraction where the Left Ventricle _________________________on contraction. ▸This causes a ______________________________movement of the heart. ▪Each contraction delivers ______________________________________ ▪5 types of blood vessels ▪ A) ___________________________________ — Carry blood away from the heart. ▸ 4 ▪B) _____________________________________ — Carry blood to the heart. ▸ ▸Veins are the ONLY vessels that contains _______________________to prevent back flow. –_____________________________________ — All venous blood from the heart muscle collects here, leads to the right atrium. ▪C) ___________________________________— Microscopic vessels that have two special types: ▸ 1. ▸ 2. –_____________________________: ▪ Path of Blood thru Vessels: ▸ ▪ 1. ▸ Made of _____________________________________________ 5 ▪ 2. ▸ Causes _____________________________________ ▪ 3. ▸Made of _______________________________ ▪1) ▪2) ▪3) ▪The average size adult has about ___________________of blood. Approx. ▪How do you figure Blood Volume? ▪Blood Volume = ▸ ▪Figure Your Blood Volume. ▪How do you stack up?? ▸Men = ▸Women = 6 _________ ▪Blood constitutes about ________________of total body weight ▪2 types of blood: ▸A. __________________________________ — Leaves the heart –Arterial blood with exception of that going to the lungs is ________________ _________________________________________________________. ▸B. ___________________________________ — Blood returning to heart –With exception of that blood from the lungs which has a _________________ _________________________________________________________. ▪Blood has a viscosity between __________________________. ▸Water has a viscosity of _______ ▪Blood has a pH level of ______________________________________. ▪Blood has a temperature in the _________________ of about ___________________________. ▪Blood is composed of 2 parts. ▪a) ________________________— Formed elements ▸The Formed Elements constitute _________________ blood volume. ▸Total Blood Volume is called _______________________ ▪b) __________________________ — Plasma ▸Plasma constitutes _______________of blood volume ▸Plasma is a _____________-colored liquid consisting of _______________________. 7 – __________________________is the major solute in plasma. ▸Plasma include the Clotting Agents: ▸ J) TYPES OF CIRCULATION ▪ 1) ___________________________________________ ▸ ▪2) ____________________________________________ ▸ ▪3) ____________________________________________ ▸_________________________________runs from fetus to the placenta. – – – 8 –There are also ________________ umbilical arteries and ____________ umbilical Vein. ▪CORRECTING FETAL CIRCULATION ▸The onset of ____________________signals these openings to close. ▪1) FORAMEN OVALE — ▪2) DUCTUS ARTERIOSIS — ▪3) DUCTUS VENOSUS — ▪ 1) ________________________________________________ ▸ When the flap of skin doesn't completely cover the hole properly ▪2) ______________________________________(4 problems in one) — ** Causes a “________________________________” ▸a. ________________________________________________— A hole in the septum between the ventricles ▸b. ________________________________________________— When the aorta is not hooked up to the left ventricle properly. ▸c. _______________________________________— Pulmonary trunk is too small to serve its purpose. ▸d. _______________________________________— The right ventricle will enlarge in order to compensate for the 1st 3 dramas. 9 ▪1) __________________________________________— This is commonly referred to as “______________________________________________” ▸If a woman produces antibodies against the Rh factor, these antibodies can pass across the placental boundary and cause Hemolysis of the Rh positive RBC’s of the fetus. ▸SYMPTOMS: ▸The venous system is _____________________, the arteriole system is ____________________. ▸The veins from the GI tract go through the liver first via the ____________________________________________. –From here it goes to the ________________________to the _____________________________________. ▸The absorbed food must go through the _____________________for Final Processing. 10