Download General Introduction to the Crusades

--------In The Name Of Jerusalem
Fion.JW
Causes and Background
The Early Crusades
Clare
The First Crusade
Clare
The Second Crusade
Process
Evo
The Third Crusade
The Crusades of the Thirteenth Century
Effects
Cathy
Spring
General Introduction to the Crusades— the Holy War
●When
● What
● Why
● Who
Why It Is Called The Holy War?
External
The Byzantine Empire
The Seljuk Turks
Internal
The West
The Byzantine Empire
External Treats
Moved to Asia Minor
1071Manzikert
Anatolia, where many peasants, readily accepted Turkish control.
The Byzantine Empire
Internal struggles
●Ambitious military leaders
aristocratic families.
A self-destructive policy
The Byzantine Empire
Internal struggles
● The Catholic Church of the West
the Eastern Orthodox Church
Reach a climax in 1054
● Pope Leo IX
Patriarch Michael Cerularius,
formally excommunicated each other
The Seljuk Turks
●Nomadic
●Islam
●Flourished as military mercenaries
●Sultan” holder of power”
●In the late 11th century, exerting
military power on Egypt and the
Byzantine Empire
The west
The acess to Jerusalem was cut off
Piligrames
Did not develop isolated
Preparations for The “Peasants’ Crusade ：
1.Pope（教皇） Urban's speech：
·remission of sins;
·made glorious with the name of god.
2.Emperor Alexius：
assemble their armies, raise money
The initial response to Urban’s speech ：
call to military arms and religious fervor（狂热）.
Leader: Peter the Hermit (self-appointed)
his reputation and preaching（说教）
Assembled a large army
most of them poor and many of
them peasant
Bad things they did:
terrorizing the natives
looting food and supplies.
the persecution of the Jews
They lose the fight: Emperor Alexis wisely shipped them over
to Asia Minor where the Turks stationed.
Pope Urban II inclined to trust Knights
Crusading armies: The warriors of Western Europe
particularly French
Religious fervor
Motivated by:
Opportunity to pursue their favorite past
time—Fight
Gain territory, riches, status
1096-1099
1096
Begun
1097
Reached Constantinople
1098
The capture of Antioch
1099
Jerusalem was taken, the massacre
Against the wished of the Byzantine Emperor
Organized 4 Crusader state: Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli and Jerusalem
1147-1149
●The Crusader States were soon foundered, by 1120s， Muslims were striking
back.
●1144, Edessa was recaptured
●Leaders:
Leaders: King Louis VII of France
Emperor Conrad of III of Germany
1189-1192
● 1187
The fall of the holy city Jerusalem
● Muslim Leader: Saladin
● Emperor Frederick Barbarossa of Germany
Drowned, army fell apart
Philip II Augustus, King of France
Went home
King Richard I The Lionhearted of England
Negotiated a settlement – free access to Jerusalem
The Crusades
Fourth Crusade — sack of Constantinople
1024
Latin Empire of Constantinople
1024-1261
Children’s Crusade
1212
Fifth Crusade
1219-1221
Frederick II occupies Jerusalem (Sixth Crusade)
1228
First Crusade of Louis IX (Seventh Crusade)
1248-1254
Second Crusade of Louis IX (Eighth Crusade)
1270
Surrender of Acre and end of Christian
1291
presence in the Holy Land
●Opened the door to the Oriental trade.
● Promoted urban development of the city and
benefited for budding capitalism.
●The Crusades also prompted the famous Voyages
of discovery and the Renaissance.
Renaissance
Europe
invaded
East
culture
culture
●Western Civilization—Jackson.J.Spielvogel
●Crusades—In the name of Jerusalem
●Wiki
●历史—人教版