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DRUGS AND EFFECTS
Colorado Springs Police
Department
Metro Vice, Narcotics and
Intelligence
Officer Teresa Schutz
/ Rev. 2-02
MDMA - Ecstasy
• Also known as:
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XTC
X
E
Pill
Roll
Clarity
Love Drug
Hug Drug
Disco Biscuits
Lover’s Speed
MDMA - Ecstasy
History of MDMA - Ecstasy
• First created in 1912
• Used as an appetite
suppressant
• In 1950s its was studied for
use in chemical warfare
• 1985 - US Government
regulated it as a Schedule I
Controlled Substance
– No medicinal value, highly addictive
• 1990s - Studies reveal
Ecstasy causes brain
damage
Manufacturing/Distribution of Ecstasy
• Combined effects similar to
methamphetamine (speed)
and mescaline
(hallucinogen)
• Made in Europe, mostly in
the Netherlands
• Some labs now in US
• Costs approx $15-30 a
dose
What does Ecstasy look like?
• Mostly in tablets, some
found in capsules
• Tablets come with many
different logos and
colors and are named
accordingly
• Teen age girl in Boulder
dies from a single
Ecstasy pill -- Four Leaf
Clover
- Adam
- Anker
- Barney
- Batman
- Camel
What does Ecstasy look like?
Symptoms of MDMA - Ecstasy
• Initial effects felt in 3045 minutes
• Peak effects felt in 6090 minutes
• Duration of effects last
4 to 6 hours
Physical Symptoms - Ecstasy
• During Use
– Dry mouth
– Bruxism - the grinding
of teeth and jaws,
sometime to the
extent of breaking
teeth
– Muscle tension
– Blurred vision
– Rapid Eye Movement
– Nausea and faintness
– Increased heart rate
– Tingling sensations
– Increased body
temperature - known to
o
go as high as 117 F
• High risk for heat stroke
• Dehydration
Ecstasy Use
Normal Coping
Crash
Pharmacology of MDMA Ecstasy
• Ecstasy causes the brain to release all stored
Serotonin into the brain at once (extreme high)
• Serotonin and the neurons that produce it “play a
direct role in regulating aggression, mood, sexual
activity, sleep and sensitivity to pain.”*
• In some, normal Serotonin levels may never be
recuperated and the neurons that spread it
throughout the brain may be destroyed or blocked
*According to the NIDA - National Institute of Drug Abuse
Consequences of the Brain Ecstasy
• Acne like rash
• Severe liver and
kidney damage
• May alter motor skills
permanently - similar
to Parkinson’s
disease
• Permanent, longterm brain damage
• Short term memory
Positron Emission Photography
Dark area
shows far lower
Serotonin levels
that may
contribute to
brain damage.
Red area shows
normal
Serotonin
activity
NIDA PHOTO
Normal Brain
Ecstasy User
Use of MDMA - Ecstasy
• Users “Piggyback” or
“Stack” Ecstasy
– Multiple doses taken
before effects are felt
– More taken before effects
wear off
– Leads to overdose/death
– Ravers tend not call EMS
for users who collapse
– “Kitty Flipping” - ravers
use Ketamine & Ecstasy
– “Candy Flipping” - use
LSD & Ecstasy
– “Hippy Flipping” - use
Mushrooms & Ecstasy
GHB - Gamma-Hydroxybutyric
Acid
• Also known as:
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Grievous Bodily Harm
Scoop
“G”
GH Beers
GH Buddy
Georgia Home Boy
Gamma O
EZ-Lay
Liquid X or E
Blue Verve
History of GHB
• Originated as a sleep aid
and muscle enhancer
• 1980s - marketed as
supplement in health
stores
• 1990 FDA issued
advisory calling GHB
unsafe
• 2000 - Listed as Schedule
I Controlled Substance
What does GHB look like?
• Colorless, odorless liquid,
also tablets and capsules
• Easy to conceal
– Liquid or ice cubes of GHB are
secretly put in drinks, alcohol,
juice, water
– Sold in one drop doses at
Raves
• Will foam like soap when
shaken
• Used as a Date Rape drug
• Formerly marketed as GBL
which the body metabolizes
into GHB (2002 DEA Arrests)
Effects of GHB
• Lower Doses
– Depresses Central
Nervous System
– Users appear drunk
– Relaxed, generally
happy
– More Sociable
– Uninhibited
• Higher Doses
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Nausea
Vomiting
Dizziness
Sleepiness
Loss of consciousness
Muscle spasms
Pharmacology of GHB
• Usual dosage is a capful, about 1/2
teaspoon.
• Effects are felt from 10 minutes to an hour
and last 2-3 hours.
• Many deaths have occurred by overdose
when users take more before the effects are
felt.
• Overdose can cause loss of consciousness
due to respiratory distress and decreased
heart rate.
GHB Analogs - Look-alikes, Act-alikes
• Illegal GHB analogs are increasingly
common - do not require cooking
• Here’s a good opportunity to show what
they do….
1,4 butanediol
Watch What Happens!
Within 1-2 minutes, the styrofoam cup had
disintegrated. Residue on the chemist’s
fingers removed some of the finish on the
camera too.
Manufacturing and Distribution GHB
• Main ingredients
commonly used for
manufacturing are
sold as:
Hydrochloric
Acid
Stored in Trash and
Gasoline Cans
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Furniture Cleaner
Ink Jet Cleaner
Floor Stripper
Body Builder
Enhancer
Consequences of GHB
• Extremely addictive
• Recovery requires 2-3 weeks in intensive
care, supervised by a doctor.
• Potency levels vary from “cook” to “cook”
so effects of drug are unpredictable per
dose.
• Stimulates sexually oriented behavior, often
interpreted as “willing” behavior. Victims
may not remember sexual assault or
experience.
Ketamine Hydrocholoride
• Also known as:
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K
Special K
Ket
Vitamin K
Ketaset
Ketalar
Ketajet
What Does Ketamine Look
Like?
• Comes in prescription
type bottles
• Cooked into a white
powder form for snorting
• Made legally in the USA
by pharmaceutical
companies
• FDA categorizes
Ketamine as a Class III
Controlled Substance
Pharmacology of Ketamine
• A “dissociative” anesthetic
– Separates perception from sensation
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Originally used as a human anesthetic
Principally used as a veterinary anesthetic
Strong pain reliever
Hallucinogenic Effect
– Onset is within 10-20 minutes
• Produces effects similar to PCP with visual
effects similar to LSD
Symptomology of Ketamine
• In lower doses, symptoms are similar to nitrous
oxide
– Floaty, light - mild, dreamy, feeling slightly
outside your body.
• In higher doses - users feel very far away from
their body
• Most users remain seated or lying down while
using
• Hallucinogenic effects last up to one hour
• Impairing effects last 18-24 hours after use
Symptomology of Ketamine
• Lower doses of Ketamine
can increase heart rate
• Higher doses depress
consciousness and
breathing
• Dangerous to combine with
Depressants such as
alcohol, GHB, and Valium
Consequences of Ketamine
• Extremely
psychologically
addicting
• Can lead to Neurosis,
flashbacks
• Depression
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide LSD
• Also known as:
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Acid
Big D
Gel Tabs
Ticket
Paper & Paper Acid
Dots, Microdot
Blotter & Blotter Acid
Pyramids
California Sunshine
Blue Heaven
Sunshine
History of LSD
• Most potent hallucinogen
known to man.
• Once studied as treatment
for mental illness because
it is structurally similar to a
chemical in the brain that
effects psychosis.
• Once prevalent in the
1960s and 1970s - has
made a resurgence in the
1990s
Pharmacology of LSD
• Oral doses as little as 0.025
mg. (25 micrograms, same
as a few grains of salt) can
produce hallucinations.
• Standard dose is 20-80
micrograms. A high dosage
can last 10-12 hours.
• Initial effects are felt in 3060 minutes
• One ounce of LSD is
enough for 567,000 hits of
50 micrograms each.
• $5-20 a dose
What does LSD look like?
• LSD is absorbed
transdermally - through
the skin
• Normally given on blotter
paper that is placed on
the skin or tongue
• Different designs and
colors can be on pills,
vitamins, aspirin, etc.
• Can be injected, never
smoked.
Symptoms of LSD
• Mental
– Hallucinogenic state
– Distorted perception
of time, depth,
movement and sight.
– Hear colors, see
sounds.
– Mind creates images
that aren’t there, good
or bad depending on
mental state.
Consequences of LSD
• Short Term
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Dilated pupils
Goosebumps
Profuse perspiration
Higher body temperature
Increased blood sugar
Nausea
Rapid heart rate
Extreme mood swings
Hallucinogenic state
Distorted perception of time,
depth, movement and sight
• “Hear” color, “see”
• Long Term
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Acute anxiety
Depression
Flashbacks
Brain damage
• Schizophrenia
– Psychologically
addictive
– Tolerance developed in
3-6 days of use
• Need more and more
• DEATH
Methamphetamine
– AKA: Speed, Meth, crystal,
crank
– Illegally manufactured in home
made labs
– Central nervous system
stimulant
– Schedule II Controlled
Substance
Here’s what it can do:
The same person over 14 years…
Here’s another example:
Arrest Date: 09-15-1999
Arrest Date: 11-22-1999
2
Months
Later
Arrest Date: 07-30-2000
10
Months
Later
Arrest Date: 08-26-2000
11
Months
Later
Arrest Date: 10-06-2000
1
Year
Later
Arrest Date: 03-21-2001
18
Months
Later
Meth use has devastating effects….
9-15-99
18 Months
Later