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Note Sheet: The Circulatory System Section 34.1 The Functions of the Circulatory System include: Maintaining homeostasis in the body Transporting many important substances such as oxygen and nutrients Carrying disease-fighting materials produced by the immune system Distributing heat throughout the body to help regulate body temperature The Circulatory System consists of: 1. blood 2. the heart 3. blood vessels 4. the lymphatic system 1. Blood Vessels Types arteries capillaries veins Functions carry blood away from the heart; can withstand high pressure microscopic blood vessels where the exchange of important substances and wastes occurs; walls are only one cell thick largest blood vessels; carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart; valves prevent backflow Sketch 2. The Heart Function pumps oxygenated blood to body and pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs Structure made of cardiac muscle; size of fist; hollow; 4 chambers How it Beats --2 main phases- 1) atria fill with blood, atria contract and ventricles fill with blood; and 2) ventricles contract to pump blood out of the heart --SA node (pacemaker) signal the atria to contract; AV node signals the ventricles to contract the alternating expansion and relaxation of the artery wall caused by contraction of the left ventricle the measure of how much pressure is exerted against the vessel walls by the blood; systole=highest pressure when heart contracts; diastole=pressure when heart is relaxed 120(systole)/80(diastole) is normal Pulse Blood Pressure Blood Flow in the Body 2 loops- heart to lungs to heart then heart to body to heart; right side pumps deoxygenated and left side pumps oxygenated 3. Blood Components of Blood 1. plasma Description clear, yellowish liquid portion of blood; carries the breakdown products of digested food, such as glucose and fats, hormones, wastes, and other chemicals carry oxygen with hemoglobin; discs with pinched in centers; develops within bone marrow; no nucleus cell fragments that help blood to clot; platelets collect and stick together at broken blood vessels; platelets release protein called fibrin produced in bone marrow; help to fight infection; can live for months or years 2. red blood cells 3. platelets 4. white blood cells Blood Types A B AB O Can Donate To: A or AB B or AB AB A, B, AB, or O Can Receive Blood From: A or O B or O A, B, AB, or O O Rh Factor What is it? a marker found on the surface of red blood cells When is it problematic? during pregnancy: Rh- mom will make antibodies against Rh+ baby 4. Lymphatic System (page 1086 in book) The Functions of the Lymphatic System include: Filtering lymph and blood Destroying foreign microorganisms Absorbing fat Lymph: fluid that leaks out of capillaries to bathe body cells; it circulates among tissue cells Lymphatic vessels: collect lymph and return it to veins near the heart Examples of lymphatic organs: lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, thymus gland, and other lymphatic tissue found in mucous membranes of the intestinal, respiratory, urinary, and genital tracts Circulatory System Disorders Disease Atherosclerosis Description blocked arteries Heart Attack occurs when blood does not reach the heart muscle Stroke occurs when clots form in blood vessels supplying oxygen to the brain