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How the World Keeps Diseases from Spreading Pt.2 The Role Canada is Playing The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) PHAC was created in 2004 in response to growing concerns about the capacity of Canada's public health system to anticipate and respond effectively to public health threats. Why 2004? What happened around this time that scared Canadians? After SARS .... The Canadian Government acknowledged that Canada lacked a coordinated system to notify hospitals of global health alerts, with accompanying recommendations for surveillance and control . And so... The Public Health Agency of Canada was born! What does PHAC do? Prevent and control infectious diseases 2. Prepare for and respond to public health emergencies 3. Prevent and control chronic diseases and injuries 1. How does PHAC do this? Surveillance 2. Emergency Preparedness and Response Plans 1. Surveillance Information on causation, risk patterns, and trends in the occurrence of infectious diseases are monitored to assist in the development of intervention strategies and control programs. Diseases Under National Surveillance in Canada Botulism Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease Cholera Hantavirus Hepatitis A, B, C Influenza Salmonellosis Legionellosis Typhoid Leprosy Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Invasive Meningococcal Disease Chlamydial Infection Tuberculosis Gonorrhea Lyme Disease HIV Infection Malaria Syphilis Rabies Diphtheria Mumps Measles Pertussis Anthrax Poliomyelitis Plague Rubella Smallpox Tetanus Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers FluWatch is Canada's national surveillance system that monitors the spread of the flu and flu-like illnesses on an ongoing basis. FluWatch distinguishes between seasonal Influenza A and Pandemic Influenza A (Swine Flu). What is a pandemic? And How is it different from an epidemic? FluWatch Cont... PHAC produces weekly FluWatch reports during the influenza season (October - May) and biweekly reports during the off season (June - September). Influenza Activity Levels Level 1 = No activity: no laboratory-confirmed influenza detections during the past four weeks Level 2 = Sporadic: sporadically occurring lab confirmed influenza Level 3 = Localized: sporadically occurring lab confirmed influenza together with outbreaks in schools, worksites and/or residential institutions Level 4 = Widespread: lab confirmed influenza occurring in greater than or equal to 50% of the surveillance region Summary of FluWatch Findings for the Week ending August 25th, 2012 Overall Influenza Summary Influenza activity in Canada remains low and is at inter-seasonal levels In weeks 33 and 34, a total of 4 laboratory detections of influenza were reported of which 50% were for influenza A viruses (one A(H3) and one A(H1N1)pdm09 AKA Swine Flu!) and 50% for influenza B viruses Only 1 region reported sporadic activity (BC) in week 34. No new outbreaks of influenza/ILI were reported No influenza-associated hospitalizations were reported over the two-week period The ILI consultation rate in weeks 33 and 34 were within the expected levels for this time of year Basically no one is getting the Flu in the summer in Canada… we will see how this changes as we are just now entering flu season. Canada’s Flu Pandemic Preparedness Plan The plan is based on six key strategies: 1. Early detection 2. Ongoing updates to keep Canadians well-informed about what is happening and what to do as a result. 3. Emergency health services to care for those who are sick. 4. Antiviral medications 5. Pandemic flu vaccine 6. Public health measures to prevent the spread of infection — recommendations about travel, airports, public gatherings, and advice to schools, businesses, and communities. Video Clip – Swine Flu Vaccine http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20 091019/H1N1_vaccine_091019/20091019?hub=Health Testing your Knowledge of Swine Flu! PHAC has spent millions in Public awareness campaigns – have you been listening? 1. Cough into your ______________ 2. Wash your hands for how long? ______________ 3. Does eating pork products put you at risk for swine flu infection? 4. Do the symptoms of swine flu differ from the symptoms of seasonal flu? 5. When are you most infectious? 6. How many flu vaccines should you get this upcoming year? Testing your Knowledge of Swine Flu! PHAC has spent millions in Public awareness campaigns – have you been listening? 1. Cough into your Elbow or sleeve 2. Wash your hands for how long? Minimum 15 seconds, more if they are visibly soiled. 3. Does eating pork products put you at risk for swine flu infection? Heck No! 4. Do the symptoms of swine flu differ from the symptoms of seasonal flu? Not initially, but usually more chest congestion. 5. When are you most infectious? Day 1 and up to 5-7 days of being sick. 6. How many flu vaccines should you get this upcoming year? Not said yet by PHAC, but a seasonal flu shot for sure and maybe a swine flu shot.