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Greece and Rome
CH 4
I. General Information
 Greece and Rome greatly influenced the western
world
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US Constitution
Architecture
 Rome helped spread Christianity (indirectly)
 Rome was greatly influenced by Greek history
I. General Information
 Rome Vs. Greece
 Rome
Mighty Empire
 Mastery of Engineering

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Greece
City-states
 Scientific Thought (philosophy)
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Similarities
Political Ideas (Democracy and Republic)
 Religion
 Artistic Styles
 Economy (agricultural with heavy trade)

II. Greece
 Earliest society was on Crete (Myceneans)
 The civilization involved in the Trojan War
 Later invaded the Peloponnesus (Greece)
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
Led to the Greek Dark Ages (1150-800 BC)
Became known as the Greeks or the Hellenes
II. Greece
 Archaic Period (800-500BC)
 The city-states soon developed
 Warred against each other unless invaded

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Xerxes and the Persians (492-490 & 480-479 BC)
Main cities were Athens and Sparta
Athens- democratic (508 BC) and philosophic
 Sparta- oligarchy and militaristic
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Pericles- peak of Athens democracy
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Influenced the government through negotiations
All men were expected to participate
II. Greece
 Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC)
 Sparta and its allies defeated Athens and its allies
 Greatly weakened the city-states
 Allowed Phillip II of Macedon to take over
 Alexander the Great
 Son of Phillip II
 Expanded the Macedonian empire into Asia
 Spread Greek culture
 Founded Alexandria in Egypt
II. Greece
II. Greece
 Culture

Socrates
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Question everything to improve it
Plato
Student of Socrates
 Human reasoning can help understand the world
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Aristotle
Student of Plato
 Stressed moderation
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Sophocles
Dramatist
 Oedipus Rex and Antigone
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
Homer
“Historian”
 Iliad and Odyssey

II. Greece
 Contributions
 Democracy
 Socratic Method
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Philosophy
Olympics
Pythagorean Theorem
Anatomy
Architecture
III. Rome
 Began as a Roman monarch around 800 BC
 Etruscans
 Monarchy overthrown by Roman Aristocrats 509 BC
 Became the Roman Republic
III. Rome
 Romans were paranoid about invasion
 Expanded their territory
 Punic Wars (264- 146 BC)
 Result of Roman expansion
 3 wars with Carthage
 1st Punic War was over Sicily
 2nd Punic War- Hannibal invades through the Alps
 3rd Punic War- Rome attack Carthage and ends the war
III. Rome
 End of the Republic
 Executive branch was made up of 2 Counsels
 Julius Caesar was invading Gaul and Pompey had a
disagreement
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Crosses the Rubicon 45 BC and overthrew Pompey to become
dictator
Julius Caesar assassinated by Senate on March 15 44 BC
After Civil War Octavian Caesar Augustus takes over as
“emperor” (27 BC)
Led to Pax Romana (27 BC- 180 AD)
 Pax Romana ends with death of Marcus Aurelius who expanded to
Britain

III. Rome
 Christianity
 Originated with Jesus Christ of Nazareth
 Was able to spread throughout the “known” world due to
Roman Roads
 Apostle Paul traveled heavily on these roads
 Heavily persecuted by emperors due to refusal to give 1st
allegiance to empire
Nero, Diocletian and Marcus Aurelius
 Constantine converted which ended the persecution(313 AD)
 Moved capital to Constantinople and divided into 2 halfs
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III. Rome
 Fall of Rome
 Invaded by the Barbarians
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Goths and Huns
Incompetent emperors
Eventually fell in 476 AD
Byzantine Empire lasted until 1453 with its capital in
Constantinople

Side Note- Gladiator games offered free bread 3x a day as well as
entertainment (heavy welfare dependence help lead to the fall?)
III. Rome
Visigoths
III. Rome
Heavy Metal
German Goth
III. Rome
 Laws
 Twelve Tables (450 BC)
Helped protect the rights of citizens
 Regulated commerce
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Religious tolerance
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Local Rule
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Allowed all religions as long as they gave allegiance to Rome 1st
Allowed conquered regions to rule themselves but submit to
Roman law
Citizenship

Naturalized citizens
III. Rome
 Contributions
 Arches
 Republic
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Senate
Christianity
Cement