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CHW3M: Examination Review Sheets
The examination is on Monday, June 14th at 1 p. m. There will be a variety of
questions, but the emphasis will be on definitions, short answer and essay type questions.
There will be a section on multiple choice and another one on matching people to events.
Should you have any questions, see me at your convenience or e-mail me as you wish at
[email protected]
I Prehistory
1. Name 5 species of prehistoric man and indicate 3 physical characteristics of each.
2. What are some of the important differences between neo-lithic and Paleolithic time
periods? Give 6 details for each time period.
3. Give a definition for: Lucy, absolute dating, relative dating, Prehistory, The Missing
Link, civilisation, natural selection, anachronism
4. Who was Charles Darwin? What was his contribution to understanding the evolution
of mankind?
5. Why is the Olduvai Gorge one of the most promising areas of the world for research
into prehistoric man?
6. Make a list of 5 technological advances made by prehistoric man. Try to put them in
order.
7. What was the year after 1 BCE?
8. If I found an artifact that was either created in 27 BCE or 136 CE, what is the
discrepancy in years?
9. By the way... remember the Tasaday on page 19 is a total fake... a hoax... a charade,
not unlike Piltdown Man (look it up)
10. Define the word civilisation and explain where it comes from.
11. Prepare a flow chart showing how towns evolved.
12. Indicate a few details about Jericho and Çatal Hüyük.
II Mesopotamia
1. What is the Fertile Crescent?
2. List 4 reasons why Mesopotamia is less favourable for the development of a
civilisation than the Egyptians.
3. Name 2 rivers, 3 regions (civilisations), and 5 cities of Mesopotamia.
4. Why was the population of Mesopotamia so heterogeneous compared to its Egyptian
counter-part?
5. Make a time line that includes Sumer and Akkad civilisations as well as the
Babylonian and Assyrian Empires. Add the Persians at the end of this time line. Add the
names of 5 important leaders that fit on this line and what they are noted for.
6. What is Hammurabi’s Code? Why is it so significant?
7. Who are the original Semites?
8. Define: ziggurat, tell, Chaldeans, cuneiform, anthropomorphism, polytheism,
monotheism, city-state, lugal, liver divination
9. What made the Assyrian Empire different than the others before it? Where did its
success lie?
10. Why were the Mesopotamians such a negative-mentality people compared to the
Egyptians?
11. Describe 2 Assyrian gods. What do they indicate about the people?
12. Compare the construction of a ziggurat to the Great Pyramid. Account for the
differences and similarities.
13. Name 3 technological advances of the Mesopotamian civilisations.
14. Who was Henry Rawlinson and what was his contribution to understanding ancient
cultures?
15. What does the word “Phoenician” mean? What made them such good traders?
16. Name two great Jewish kings and what they are best known for.
17. Name four contributions of the Sumerian culture, three for the Babylonians, three
four the Assyrians and two for the Chaldean.
18. Give four reasons why Mesopotamia never achieved the greatness of Egypt.
19. What does the word “Yahweh” mean?
20. Explain the negative role of the following peoples when dealing with the Jewish
people: Romans, Babylonians, Assyrians, Egyptians.
21. Give three reasons that the Jewish people never formed a great civilisation such as
the Assyrians or Egyptians.
III The Egyptians
1. Name 5 geographic benefits of developing a civilisation in this region.
2. Distinguish between Upper and Lower Egypt, as well as the royal symbol for each.
3. Who were Champollion and Herodotus? Imhotep?
4. Define the following terms: Saggara, mastaba, vizir, Narmer’s plate, hieroglyphics,
sphinx, obelisk, Luxor, Aton, mummification, sarcophagus, natron, canopic jars, ka, ba,
corvée duty, shaduf, nome, demotic, dynasty.
5. What does the word “pharaoh” mean?
6. Including dates, name 3 or 4 details about each of the following pharaohs: Also place
them in chronological order. TUTANKHAMEN, RAMSES II, HATCHESPUT,
THUTMOSES III, AMENOHOTEP IV, TUTMOSES I, CHEOPS or Khufu (and sons),
NARMER.
7. Make 3 columns, one for each kingdom. In your chart, put the names of a few
pharaohs, contributions, conquests and capitals. Also indicate where they are buried.
8. Indicate the interaction between the Egyptians and the following peoples: the
Nubians, the Hitittes, the Assyrians and the Hyksos.
9. In detail, describe 7 important gods and goddesses. Why did the Egyptians have so
many deities?
10. What allowed the Egyptians to devote so much time to religion?
11. Describe the burial procedure including mummification, weighing of souls, voyage
etc.
12. Name 4 technological advances of the of the Egyptians.
13. When was Cleopatra pharaoh and what happened to her?
14. Compare cuneiform writing to hieroglyphics.
15. Why and how were historians finally able to decipher hieroglyphics?
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What is particular about Egyptian art?
Comment on Egyptian technology versus manpower.
What lead to the fall of the Egyptian Empire?
Who was Howard Carter? Why is his name so famous?
What are the names for the desert and the rich black earth?
What are the symbols of Upper and Lower Egypt? (animal, plant, crown)
IV The Greeks
1. Give three advantages and three disadvantages of Greek geography.
2. Name 4 different peoples that invaded Greece (not always successfully). Give the
time periods.
3. Who brought about the first democracy in Greece?
4. Name and describe 8 Greek gods.
5. What are the significance of Delphi, Athens, Olympus, Sparta?
6. Name 2 Greek philosophers and their contributions.
7. Make a detailed comparison between Athens and Sparta. Be sure to include the
war(s).
8. Describe two Greek myths and how they pertain to today.
9. Indicate the importance of the following men: Pericles, Solon, Draco, Cleisthenes,
Homer, Pisistratus.
10. Define archon, city-state, tyrant, ostracism.
11. Describe the role of females in Ancient Greece. How does this compare to Egypt?
12. Why were the city-states so different from each other?
13. Give 3 reasons for Greek expansion that started at approximately 700 BC. Where
did the Greeks go? Why there?
14. Indicate 5 items that were important as trade for the Greeks.
15. Describe in detail the Persian Wars and the various battles such as Marathon, Plataea,
Salamis, Thermopylae. Include the causes and effects of the different conflicts. Who
were the great Persian/Mede leaders?
16. What is the irony of the Persian Wars and the Greek city states?
17. What was the Delian League? What was the weakness of it?
18. How did Philip of Macedonia die? At what age?
19. Trace the conquests of Alexander the Great. Describe the four major battles.
20. What philosophy did Alexander III (the Great) develop after conquering a people?
21. How did Alexander die? How was his empire divided up?
22. What is Hellenism?
23. When was the Golden Age of Greece?
24. Draw or describe the three types of Greek columns.
25. What is the Acropolis? Where is it found?
26. Name two characteristics of Greek sculpture.
27. Why was much of Greek life spent outdoors?
28. What was the importance of Greek games in their society?
29. Describe Greek tragedy and give an example.
30. Name 3 vestiges of Ancient Greece in our society today.
31. Describe what was learned about Cretan society that proceeded the Greeks. What
lead to the downfall of Cretan society?
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Who were the Mycenaean? And the Minoans?
What are the contributions of Schliemann and Evans? What about Homer?
Define phalanx, helot, hoplite, ostracism, ostraca, triremes, stoicism, perioeci
Explain why Athenian democracy was far from a true democracy?
What did the Spartans think of Athenian democracy?
V The Romans
1. What are the two great periods of Ancient Rome? What distinguishes them? Place
dates on these time periods.
2. Describe life living in Rome during the time of the decadent empire.
3. What is the legend of Romulus and Remus?
4. Name 5 Roman gods and their Greek equivalents.
5. What was Latinium? Geographically, why did Rome locate where it was?
6. Who were the Etruscans? What conflict did they have with the Romans? What was
the result?
7. Give three reasons that account for the rise of the Roman Republic.
8. Describe in detail the three Punic Wars. Where does the word Punic come from?
Name important generals and leaders, and how they stood out. Why did the Romans
finally decide to wipe out the city of Carthage?
9. What is the irony that a strong land-based nation defeated a strong sea-based nation?
10. Define the following: SPQR, the senate, the Tribune, the Plebeians, the Patricians,
the Forum , Consuls, Dictator. What are the role of aediles and quaestors?
11. Give 3 reasons for the incredible success of the Roman legions. Name 3 types of
soldier in the Roman legion. Describe his equipment. who paid for the equipment?
12. Compare a Spartan soldier to a Roman legionaire.
13. Trace how Julius Caesar come to power. How did he die? What was the cause?
14. Who formed the first triumvirate? And the second?
15. Who finally dominated in each case?
16. What is the Pax Romana? When was it?
17. Name three good emperors and what effect that they had. Do the same for three that
were less favourably viewed by History.
18. Give 5 reasons for the rise of the Roman Empire.
19. Who were: Marcus Aurelius, Tiberius Graccus and his brother, Crassus, Scipio,
Hannibal, Hamilcar, Marius, Sulla, Cleopatra, Mark Anthony, Cicero, Pompey,
Constantine, Nero, Justinian?
20. Describe how the life of the upper class in Rome was a life of debauchery.
21. Explain the disdain that the Greeks must have felt for the Roman way of life.
22. What is the significance of the expression panem et cirenses? And the
consequences?
23. What role did Christianity play in the downfall of the Roman Empire?
24. Describe the schism of the Roman Empire and the formation of the Eastern Roman
Empire. Why did the latter last almost 1000 years longer than the western one?
25. Name 6 possible causes of the fall of the western Roman Empire?
26. Which peoples finally invaded, sacked and took over Rome? When?
27. What role did Christianity play in the development of the late Roman Empire?
28. List four or five engineering feats of the Romans.
29. Where does the word “gladiator” come from?
30. Name four Roman gods. Compare Roman religion do the Greeks. What are the
similarities? What are the differences?
31. What are the roles of the Tribal Assembly and the Century Assembly?
32. Who were the equestrians and how did they come about to exist as a separate group?
VI The Middle Ages, Islam and the Crusades
1. Divide the Middle Ages into three parts, giving the dates.
2. Name 6 peoples/tribes who had a strong influence over Western Europe at the
beginning of the Middle Ages.
3. Why do the Middle Ages represent an intermediary time period between the Romans
and the Renaissance?
4. Who was Clovis? What did he accomplish?
5. Who was Charles Martel and what important battle did he win? What was the result
of this battle?
6. Make a list of the accomplishments of Charlemagne
7. What date and treaty signal the schism of the Carolingian Dynasty?
8. Why were castles so important in the Middle Ages?
9. Who was the first pope who persuaded the nobles to go on the Crusades?
10. Of the 8 crusades, how many were successful, and how many failed?
11. What were the roles of Saladin, Richard I, Philippe Auguste, and Frederick I in the
Crusades?
12. Name 3 causes and 3 consequences of the Crusades.
13. Define inquisition and heretic.
14. Make a chart that shows the hierarchy on the nobility.
15. Describe the role of Mohammed in the development of Islam.
16. Compare the Catholic religion to Islam.
17. Why did Islam spread so quickly throughout eastern Europe and North Africa?
18. Comment on the historical significance of Henry II Plantagenet, Joan of Arc, Richard
the Lionheart, Thomas Becket, William the Conqueror, House of York, Hugh Capet,
Innocent III
19. Why do you think that land was worth less at the end of the Middle Ages?
20. Describe a city/town during the Middle Ages: include structure, dangers, diseases,
cleanliness.
21. Why did commerce develop towards the end of the Middle Ages?
22. What was the Hanseatic League?
23. Define the following terms related to the Middle Ages: feudal system, nobles,
chivalry, bourgeoisie, serfs, corvées, bourgs, tithing, vassals, lords, oath of fealty,
simony, monastery, indulgences, Magna Carta, excommunication, Inquisition,
illuminated manuscripts, guilds, Romanesque church, Gothic church
24. What were the real and imaginary causes of the Plague?
25. Were the Middle Ages really the Dark ages? Explain your answer.
26. What did the Vikings, Magyars and Moors have in common? Explain.
27. Name two emperors who were “holy Roman Emperors”.
28. What are the five pillars of Islam? And the sixth?
29. What caused the fall of the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages? And
feudalism?
VII The Renaissance
1. Give a definition and dates for this time period.
2. Name an important invention for this time period.
3. Explain how the enlightenment spread from one country to another.
4. Name 4 Renaissance artists and their contribution to the time period.
5. Which class of people flourished during the Renaissance?
6. Where did the Renaissance begin? Why there?
7. What is the significance of humanism during the Renaissance?
8. What links existed between Greek and Roman antiquity and this time period?
VIII The Reformation
1. Make a list of misdeeds of the Catholic Church that led to its loss of prestige.
2. How did nation-states affect the movement toward a Reformation?
3. Define: Reformation, Presbyterianism, Puritanism
4. Develop a small biography on a. Erasmus, Martin Luther, Ulrich Zwingli, Jean
Calvin, Thomas More and John Knox. Concentrate on what they did for the
Reformation.
5. Explain how Henry VIII’s own flavour for Reformation is different from many of the
above men.
6. What is the other name for the Church of England? (CH. 294)
8. Name the primary element of the Counter-reform developed by Loyola. Explain how
this movement spread.
9. What concessions did the Catholic Church make at the Council of Trent (1563)?
10. Why do you think the Inquisition was reinstated?
11. Explain the causes of St Bartholomew massacre in France in 1572. Explain who the
Huguenots were.