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Focus Question 1. State the parts of the cell theory. Detailed Explanation Real World Example: Draw a Picture(caption) or Write in Words 1. All organisms are made of one or more cells 2.The cell is the basic unit of living things 3. All cells come from existing cells. 2. Explain how materials are passed in and out of cells. 3. Describe what a strand of DNA would look like. 4. What are the 4 base pairs in DNA? Diffusion: The movement of anything into and out of the cell (higher concentration to lower concentration) This is passive transport. Diffusion: When someone sprays perfume in the classroom and it spreads throughout. Osmosis: The movement of water into and out of the cell through a semi permeable membrane. (higher concentration to lower concentration) This is passive Transport. Osmosis: Food coloring going into the egg. Active Transport: The movement of particles from lower concentration to higher concentration requiring energy to be used from the cell (ATP) Includes Exocytosis and endocytosis. A double helix (a twisted ladder) Adenine pairs with Thymine Guanine pairs with Cytosine Active Transport: The uptake of mineral ions into root hair cells of plants 5. Which bases are paired together? 6. What is a dominate trait? A recessive trait? 7. Owen has superhuman strength, which is a recessive trait. What possibility of offspring might he have if he marries a normal strength person? Adenine pairs with Thymine Guanine pairs with Cytosine Dominate – Only one gene is needed for the trait to be expressed Recessive – Both genes need to be present for the trait to be expressed Either 50% or 0% Superhuman 50% or 100% normal It depends on who Owen marries. If his spouse is homozygous dominate, there will be a 0% chance. If she is heterozygous, than there is a 50% chance. 8. Explain the basic functions of Cells making up an organ/organ system are all the same, they work together to perform a similar function, and began as unspecialized cells that were all given cells. the same “programming” instructions. They Live, grow, reproduce, get rid of waste. 9. Describe the process and function of cellular respiration. Draw and label (use your notes and book).p.42 in book 10. What is the difference between Homozygous Dominant, Homozygous Recessive and Heterozygous? Homozygous Dominant – Both genes of the pair are for the dominant trait Homozygous Recessive - Both genes of the pair are for the recessive trait Heterozygous – The genes of the pair are different 11. State where photosynthesis takes place. Inside the chloroplasts of green plants (even those in the water) 12. Emma’s dogs all have short legs (which is recessive). If she were to breed them, what possible leg size might they have? They would all have short legs. Since there would be no gene for long legs (all of Emma’s dogs have a recessive trait), all they could produce would be short legged offspring. 13. Set up a Punnett square for the following cross: T=Talkative. t=Not-Talkative The parents genes are Tt and tt 14. In the above cross, what is the percentage of having a talkative and non-talkative offspring 50% for each 15. Explain what sexually reproduced organisms begin as They begin as a fertilized egg (stem cell). Sexual Reproduction provides the opportunity to have complex organisms. Cells, tissues, organs and organ systems develop within these types of organisms making systems specialized with a specific job. 16. Describe the process and products of photosynthesis. Occurs in green plants. Uses carbon dioxide, light, and water and produces glucose and oxygen. The main purpose is make food for the plant (glucose). This takes place in the chloroplast of plant cells. 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy C6H12O6 + 6O2 17. Describe the offspring of asexual reproduction. Offspring of asexual reproduction are identical to the parents. They are formed from only one cell and are usually single celled organisms or single cells within your body. 18. Describe the offspring of sexual reproduction. Offspring of sexual reproduction contain half the heredity material from each parent. These organisms are usually more complex and are diverse (different) from the rest of the population. They don’t look exactly like either parent but are a combination of both. 19. List examples of organisms that reproduce asexually. Most of your body’s cells (mitosis), protists like amoeba, paramecium, plants forming without the exchange of pollen (runners) , or bacteria binary fission 20. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction. Sexual Reproduction Advantages: variations in genetic material may help species survive, negative traits are not always reproduced Disadvantages: fewer offspring, necessary to find a mate, can combine to form negative traits that are not present in either parent. Asexual Reproduction Advantages: Produces large numbers of offspring, no need to find a mate, positive traits are always copied and reproduced Disadvantages: Negative traits are always copied and reproduced, no variations within the species 21. Describe the “code” of DNA and how we get our traits. Think the monster coding activity. The code of DNA is how the base pairs are ordered in three “letter” words. The order of the words give the instructions on how the cell functions. 22. What is an organelle? An organelle is the small parts of a cell that perform specific tasks for the cell 23. Where is the DNA of a cell stored? 24. What function does a ribosome perform? In the nucleus. Create proteins that the cell uses 25. What two organelles does a plant cell have that an animal cell doesn’t? Cell wall and Chloroplasts