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Name: ___________________________ Per: ________ Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter Atoms, Molecules and Compounds •Atoms: Dalton’s Atomic Theory 1.All matter is made of _________________. 2.Atoms of one element differ in___________________ (size, mass etc…) from atoms of another element. 3.Atoms of different elements combine in simple, ________________________ ratios to form molecules. 4.In chemical reactions atoms can combine, ______________________ and rearrange, but not destroyed. Structure of the Atom Atoms consist of two regions: 1.Nucleus: Which is a very ____________region located in the center of an atom which contain positively (+) charged particles called ____________________ and one or more (=) neutral particles called _____________________. 2.Electron cloud: A region very _______________ compared to the nucleus which contains very small negatively (-) charged particles called ___________________________. Neutrons, protons and electrons are called _________________ ______________________. _________________________ are much smaller in size and mass than neutrons and protons. Discovery of the Electron ______________________ ______________ experiments performed by JJ Thompson provided evidence that ___________ atoms contained negatively charged particles. Questions Raised by the Discovery of the Electron If it is true that all atoms have these super tiny negatively charged particles two main questions arise: 1. Because atoms are electrically _________________, they must contain a positive charge to balance out negative __________________. Name: ___________________________ Per: ________ 2. Because electrons have so much __________ mass than atoms, atoms must contain other _____________________ that account for most of their mass. Discovery of the Atomic Nucleus Rutherford discovered that all atoms have a very small, _________________ and positively charged nucleus by performing what we call the “_____________ foil experiment.” Rutherford’s Conclusions Most of the _________ and all of the ______________ charge of the atom is in a very dense nucleus. However the nucleus only takes up a very _______________ space in an atom. Atoms are mostly _____________ _____________. EXAMPLE: If the nucleus of an atom was the size of a _____________, the size of the ____________ would be equal to a football field. The Charges: Proton: +1; mass = 1 amu Neutron: 0 charge; mass = 1amu Electron: -1; mass = .00055 amu (almost nothing) Atomic Number Atomic Number: (Z) tells you how many __________________ are in each atom of an _________________. The atomic # _____________________ the element. Chemical Symbol: Is the _______________ abbreviation for an __________________. Label the atomic # and chemical symbol: Name: ___________________________ Per: ________ List how many protons are in the following Element: Protons: Element: Protons: Element: Protons: Isotopes Isotopes: are atoms of the _____________ element that have different _________________. Isotopes of a particular element all have the same number of _________________ and __________________, but different numbers of _____________________. Reading the Periodic Table Mass Number •Mass Number: (A) is the total number of ________________ and ______________ that make up the nucleus of an isotope. •Mass Number (A) – Atomic Number (Z) = Number of Neutrons Mass Number can be written two ways: How many protons, electrons & neutrons are in Carbon 14? Protons: Always _________ in carbon Electrons: Same as protons, or __________ Neutrons = Mass# - protons Neutrons: ______________ = 8 neutrons Average Atomic Mass •Although ______________________ have different masses, they do not differ significantly in their _______________________ behavior. Name: ___________________________ Per: ________ •Average atomic mass: the _____________________ average of the atomic masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of an _______________________. •Basically two things matter: the ____________ and ________________ abundance of an elements isotopes. Example: A sample of nitrogen has some different isotopes in it. According to a mass spectrometer experiment, the following data is obtained: 99.64% atoms are N 14 _________________ 0.36% atoms are N 15 isotopes The weighted ________________ is 14.0067 This is the value you find on the ______________________. Life is a little more complicated… •Compound: •Molecule •Ion: Please use the space below to write 3-4 sentences summarizing your notes: