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Page 6 45. A(n) ______________________________ is a pure substance that can not be broken down into any other substance by some physical or chemical method and from which all more complex forms of matter or substances are made when they are combined together in different ways and in different amounts. P. 9, 70, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 46. The smallest particle of any element that you can have which still possesses all of the physical and chemical properties of that element is a single ____________________ of that element. P. 10, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 47. Nearly 2000 years ago the Greek philosopher __________________________ gave us the word atom when he said that all matter was composed of tiny indivisible particles called “atomos.” P. 73, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 48. At the present time about ________________ different elements have been discovered and officially recognized and named. P. 84 - 85, VCR: Atoms and Molecules, VCR: Changes in Properties of Matter 49. An orderly arrangement of the 118 different elements on a chart according to each element’s unique chemical symbol, atomic number, atomic mass number, and physical and chemical properties is called the _____________________________ of elements. P. 82, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 50. The periodic table of elements was originally created by a Russian chemist named ____________________________________ and later it was modified and changed to the modern version of the periodic table that we use today by a British chemist named _______________________________ P. 81 51. Each element found on the periodic table of elements has a unique single letter (Hydrogen – H), two letter (Helium – He ) or three letter (Unnilquadiam – Unq) abbreviation which is called the _________________________________________ of that element. P. 83 52. ____________________________________ created the unique one, two or three letter chemical symbol for each element. 53. In addition to each element having a unique chemical symbol each element found on the periodic table of elements also has a unique ___________________________ number and __________________________ number P. 83, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 54. The atomic number of an element is usually always _______________________________ in numerical value than the atomic mass number of that element. P. 83, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 55. The atomic number of the element 10.811 B 5 is _____________. P. 83, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 56. On the periodic table of elements those elements which have an atomic number of ____ (Hydrogen) to ________ (Uranium) are naturally occuring elements which can be found to exist somewhere in the earth’s land, water, or air. 57. On the periodic table of elements those elements which have an atomic number of ______ (Neptunium) to _____________ (Ununoctium) are synthetic or man made elements which have a very short life span that only allows them to be made in a laboratory under very special conditions. 58. The atomic _________________________ of an element is a measurement of the average mass of all the different kinds of atoms (isotopes) of an element. P. 83, 79, 81, VCR: Atoms and Molecules Example: There are 17 different kinds of Tin (Sn) atoms (isotopes) and the average mass (atomic mass or weight) of these 17 different kinds of Tin (50 Sn 118.69) atoms (isotopes) is 118.69 Page 7 59. The atomic mass number of an element is sometimes called the element’s atomic __________________. VCR: Atoms and Molecules 60. The atomic mass number or atomic weight of an element is usually always _______________________ in numerical value than the atomic number of the element. P. 83, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 61. The atomic mass number or atomic weight of the element Atoms and Molecules 3 Li 6.941 is ______________ . P. 83, VCR: 62. Any particle which composes an atom that is smaller than the atom that it composes is called a(n) ______________________________ particle. VCR: Atoms and Molecules 63. The four different forces which hold the subatomic particles that compose an atom of an element together are: VCR: Atoms and Molecules A. ____________________________________ B. ________________________________________ C. ____________________________________ D. ________________________________________ 64. The three most important subatomic particles found in an atom of an element which determines most of an element’s physical and chemical properties and the types of physical and chemical changes that it can undergo are the ________________________________, _________________________________, and __________________________________. P. 74 - 78, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 65. The only atom of an element which does not contain at least one proton, one neutron, and one electron is an atom of the element _______________________________________. 66. An atom of the element hydrogen contains _____ proton(s), _____ neutron(s), and ______ electron(s). 67. The subatomic particles which compose an atom of an element are found in either the _______________ or the _______________________________ of the atom. P. 75, 76, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 68. A(n) _________________________________ is a subatomic particle which has a positive electrical charge. P. 75, 77, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 69. Protons are only found in the __________________ of an atom. P. 75, 77, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 70. The chemical abbreviation for one proton is _______ and the abbreviation for seven protons is _______. 71. The number of the protons found in the nucleus of an atom of an element determines nearly all of an element’s ______________________________ properties VCR: Atoms and Molecules 72. You can ______________ change (increase or decrease) the number of _____________________ found in the nucleus of the atom of an element otherwise you would change it into an atom of a different element. 73. An atom of the element mercury (Hg) has 80 protons in its nucleus but if I removed one of those protons from its nucleus it would no long be an atom of the element mercury instead it would change into an atom of the element ______________________________ which has 79 protons in its nucleus. Page 8 74. A single proton has a mass of ______ Atomic Mass Unit (AMU). P. 78, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 75. One proton has approximately the same mass as one ______________________. P. 78, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 76. Most of an element’s atomic weight or its rounded off atomic mass number is determined by adding the total number of __________________________ and _______________________ found in the nucleus of an atom of that element together. P. 77, 78, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 77. The total number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom of an element is equal to the ______________________________________ of that element. P. 78, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 78. How many protons are found in a neutral atom of the element P. 77, 78, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 9 F 19 ________ protons 79. A(n) _____________________________ is a subatomic particle which has a negative electrical charge. P. 74, 77, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 80. The negative electrical charge of one electron is equal to but opposite the positive electrical charge of one ______________________________. P. 77, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 81. The abbreviation for one electron is _______ and the abbreviation for seven electrons is _________ 82. Electrons are only found in the _______________________ of an atom. P. 76, 77, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 83. The number and arrangement of the electrons found in the electron cloud of an atom determines nearly all of an element’s _____________________________ properties. P. 125, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 84. The total number of electrons found in the electron cloud of an atom adds very little to the mass of an atom since it takes nearly ______________ electrons to equal the mass of one proton or one neutron. P. 78 85. The electrons found in the electron cloud of an atom are arranged in layers called __________________, ______________________________ or _______________________________ of electrons. P. 76, 125 86. The names of the different energy levels, shells or orbitals of electrons which compose the electron cloud of an atom, starting with the shell of electrons which is closest to the nucleus are the ___________ shell, ___________ shell, ____________ shell, and ___________ shell. 87. The maximum number of electrons which can be placed in the K shell or orbital of electrons is ______. 88. The maximum number of electrons which can be placed in the L shell or orbital of electrons is _____ . 89. The maximum number of electrons which can be placed in the M shell or orbital of electrons is _____ . 90. The maximum number of electrons which can be placed in the N shell or orbital of electrons is _____ . 91. The last or outer most shell of electrons in an atom is called the __________________________ shell of electrons in that atom. P. 125 Page 9 92. The electrons which compose the valence shell of electrons in an atom are called _______________________________________ electrons in that atom. P.125 93. The number and arrangement of the _____________________________________ in the valence shell of an atom of an element primarily determines if and how an atom of that element will chemically bond to another atom of an element during a chemical reaction to form a molecule of a compound. P. 125 94. The number of electrons and protons found in an atom of an element are normally the _______________ since atoms of elements are usually neutral in charge. P. 77, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 95. The total number of electrons found in the electron cloud of an atom of an element is equal to the ________________________________________ of that element. P. 77 – 78, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 96. How many electrons are found in a neutral atom of the element P. 77 - 78, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 63.55 Cu 29 _____ electrons 97. A(n) ___________________________________ is a subatomic particle which has no electrical charge. P. 77, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 98. Neutrons are only found in the __________________ of an atom. P. 77, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 99. The abbreviation for one neutron is _______ and the abbreviation for seven neutrons is ____________ . 100. A single neutron has a mass of ____________________________ Atomic Mass Unit (AMU). P. 78, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 101. One neutron has approximately the same mass as one _________________________________. P. 78, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 102. Most of an element’s atomic weight or its rounded off atomic mass number is determined by adding the total number of _______________________________ and _______________________________________ found in the nucleus of an atom of that element together. P. 77, 78, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 103. The number of neutrons found in the nucleus of a neutral atom of an element is determined by rounding off the _________________________________________ of that element to the nearest whole number if it hasn’t already been rounded off and then ______________________________ its _______________________________________ from it. VCR: Atoms and Molecules 104. How many neutrons are found in the nucleus of a neutral atom of the element P. 73 – 77, VCR: Atoms and Molecules _______ neutrons 11 Na 23 Page 10 105. Draw a planetary model of a neutral atom of the element 30 Zn 65.39 showing the total number, abbreviation, and electrical charge of the protons and neutrons found in the nucleus of that atom and the total number, abbreviation, and electrical charge of the electrons found in each of that atom’s shells. Also, don’t forget to label each shell of electrons with its appropriate letter name. ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ _____ _____ _____ _____ 106. An atom of an element which has a positive or negative electrical charge is called a(n) ____________________ of that element. P. 131 – 132, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 107. An ion of an element is formed when ____________________________ are added to or removed from the valence shell of a neutral atom of that element. P. 131, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 108. A(n) ________________________________ ion of an element if formed when one or more electrons are removed from the valence shell of a neutral atom of that element. P. 131 109. For each electron you remove from the valence shell of a neutral atom of an element the ion of that element will become more _________________________ by _____________________ each time. P. 131 110. Draw a planetary model of a positive two ion of the element 11 B5 _____ _____ ____ _____ 111. A(n) _________________________________________ ion of an element is formed when one or more electrons are added to the valence shell of a neutral atom of that element. P. 131 Page 11 112. For each electron you add to the valence shell of a neutral atom of an element the ion of that element will become more ______________________________ by ______________ each time. P. 131 113. Draw a planetary model of a negative two ion of the element 5 B 10.811 ________ ______ _____ ____ ______ ______ 114. A neutral atom of an element which has a mass that is greater than or less than the mass of a neutral atom of that element is called a(n) _________________ of that element. P. 79, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 115. An isotope of an element is formed when one or more ____________________________ are added to or removed from the nucleus of a neutral atom of that element. P. 79, VCR: Atoms and Molecules 116. A(n) _____________________ isotope of an element is formed when one or more neutrons are added to the nucleus of a neutral atom of that element. P. 79 117. Draw a planetary model of a heavy isotope of the element _______ 5 B 11 _______ _____ _____ _______ _______ 118. A(n) __________________________ isotope of an element is formed when one or more neutrons are removed from the nucleus of a neutral atom of that element. P. 79 119. Draw a planetary model of a light isotope of the element ________ _______ _____ ____ _______ _______ 10.811 B 5