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Constructing Activities Based on “Grand Challenges” Michael Wysession Washington University St. Louis, MO Many recent efforts at compiling the Geoscience “Big Ideas” to help improve general geoscience literacy The Earth Science Literacy “Big Ideas:” 1. Earth scientists use repeatable observations and testable ideas to understand and explain our planet. 2. Earth is 4.6 billion years old. 3. Earth is a complex system of interacting rock, water, air and life. 4. Earth is continuously changing. 5. Earth is the water planet. 6. Life evolves on a dynamic Earth and continuously modifies Earth. 7. Humans depend on Earth for resources. 8. Natural hazards pose risks to humans. 9. Big Idea #9: Humans significantly alter the Earth. What purpose do they serve? Nine “Big Ideas” and 75 Supporting Concepts The Framework for new K-12 National Science Standards A Framework for K-12 Science Education Standards The Framework for new K-12 National Science Standards The Next Generation Science Standards The SGT “Big Ideas:” The SGT “Big Ideas:” What purpose do they serve? SEISMOLOGY COMPRES 1. Earth’s Habitable Surface: A 2. How Does the Near-Surface Consequence of the Environment Affect Natural Planet’s Interior Hazards and Resources? 2. The Magnetic Field, 3. What is the Relationship Earth’s Core, and the Between Stress and Strain Deep Mantle in the Lithosphere? 1. How do Faults Slip? 4. How Do Processes in the Ocean and Atmosphere Interact With the Solid Earth? 3. The Third Dimension of Plate Tectonics 5. Where Are Water and Hydrocarbons Hidden Beneath the Surface? 5. What Physical Processes Control Earthquakes? 4. Other Planets, Other Interiors 6. How Do Magmas Ascend and Erupt? 6. How Does Earth’s Surface Evolve? 7. What is the LithosphereAsthenosphere Boundary? 7. What are the Mechanics of Magmatic Systems? 8. How Do Plate Boundary Systems Evolve? 9. How Do Temperature and Composition Variations Control Mantle and Core Convection? 10. How Are Earth’s Internal Boundaries Affected by Dynamics? 11. Education and Outreach 8. Education and Outreach EARTHSCOPE UNAVCO STRUCTURE/TEC TONICS 1. Imaging the Crust and Lithosphere 1. Will the Global Population Have Enough Water to Sustain Itself? 1. Surface – Deep Crust Connections 2. Active Deformation 3. Continental Evolution Through Time 4. Deep Earth Structure and Dynamics 5. Earthquakes, Faults, and the Rheology of the Lithosphere 6. Magmas and Volatiles in the Crust and Mantle 2. How Will Earth Change as Sea Level Rises? 3. How Do Earth’s Glaciers and Ice Sheets Change on Timescales of Months to Decades to Centuries? 2. Strain and Strain Rates 3. Geodesy, Geodynamics, and Structural Geology 4. Faults, Earthquakes, and Structures 5. Rheology 7. Topography and Tectonics: Elucidating Time-Space Patterns of Lithospheric Deformation 4. How Do Tectonic Plates Deform? 6. Chemistry and Deformation 5. What Physical Processes Control Earthquakes? 7. Climate 8. Hydrosphere, Cryosphere, and Atmosphere 6. How Does Earth’s Surface Evolve? 9. Earthquake, Tsunami, Volcano, and Landslide Hazards 7. What are the Mechanics of Magmatic Systems? 10. Education and Outreach 8. Education and Outreach SEISMOLOGY COMPRES 1. Earth’s Habitable Surface: A 2. How Does the Near-Surface Consequence of the Environment Affect Natural Planet’s Interior Hazards and Resources? 2. The Magnetic Field, 3. What is the Relationship Earth’s Core, and the Between Stress and Strain Deep Mantle in the Lithosphere? 1. How do Faults Slip? 4. How Do Processes in the Ocean and Atmosphere Interact With the Solid Earth? 3. The Third Dimension of Plate Tectonics 5. Where Are Water and Hydrocarbons Hidden Beneath the Surface? 5. What Physical Processes Control Earthquakes? 4. Other Planets, Other Interiors 6. How Do Magmas Ascend and Erupt? 6. How Does Earth’s Surface Evolve? 7. What is the LithosphereAsthenosphere Boundary? 7. What are the Mechanics of Magmatic Systems? 8. How Do Plate Boundary Systems Evolve? 9. How Do Temperature and Composition Variations Control Mantle and Core Convection? 10. How Are Earth’s Internal Boundaries Affected by Dynamics? 11. Education and Outreach 8. Education and Outreach EARTHSCOPE UNAVCO STRUCTURE/TEC TONICS 1. Imaging the Crust and Lithosphere 1. Will the Global Population Have Enough Water to Sustain Itself? 1. Surface – Deep Crust Connections 2. Active Deformation 3. Continental Evolution Through Time 4. Deep Earth Structure and Dynamics 5. Earthquakes, Faults, and the Rheology of the Lithosphere 6. Magmas and Volatiles in the Crust and Mantle 2. How Will Earth Change as Sea Level Rises? 3. How Do Earth’s Glaciers and Ice Sheets Change on Timescales of Months to Decades to Centuries? 2. Strain and Strain Rates 3. Geodesy, Geodynamics, and Structural Geology 4. Faults, Earthquakes, and Structures 5. Rheology 7. Topography and Tectonics: Elucidating Time-Space Patterns of Lithospheric Deformation 4. How Do Tectonic Plates Deform? 6. Chemistry and Deformation 5. What Physical Processes Control Earthquakes? 7. Climate 8. Hydrosphere, Cryosphere, and Atmosphere 6. How Does Earth’s Surface Evolve? 9. Earthquake, Tsunami, Volcano, and Landslide Hazards 7. What are the Mechanics of Magmatic Systems? 10. Education and Outreach 8. Education and Outreach SEISMOLOGY COMPRES How do Faults Slip? What Physical Processes Earthquakes, Faults, Control Earthquakes? How Does the Near-Surface Environment Affect Natural Hazards and Resources? Where Are Water and Hydrocarbons? How Do Plate Boundary Systems Evolve? Earth’s Habitable Surface: A Consequence of the Planet’s Interior What is the LithosphereAsthenosphere Boundary? How Do Magmas Ascend and Erupt? What are the Mechanics of Magmatic Systems? How Does Earth’s Surface Evolve? What is the Relationship Between Stress and Strain in the Lithosphere? How Do Processes in the Ocean and Atmosphere Interact With Solid Earth? How Do T & X Variations Control Mantle/Core Convection? How Are Earth’s Internal Boundaries Affected by Dynamics? EARTHSCOPE Earthquake, Tsunami, Volcano, and Landslide Hazards Active Deformation Topography/Tectonics: Lithos. Deformation Imaging the Crust and Lithosphere Magmas and Volatiles in Crust and Mantle Continental Evolution Through Time Rheology of the Lithosphere UNAVCO STRUCTURE/TEC TONICS What Physical Processes Control Earthquakes? Will the Global Population Have Enough Water to Sustain Itself? Faults, Earthquakes, and Structures How Do Tectonic Plates Deform? Chemistry and Deformation Surface/Deep Crust Connections What are Mechanics of Magmatic Sys? How Does Earth’s Surface Evolve? Geodesy, Geodyn, &Structural Geo Rheology Strain and Strain Rates Hydrosphere, Cryosphere, and Atmosphere The Magnetic Field, Earth’s Core, and the Deep Mantle The Third Dimension of Plate Tectonics Other Planets, Other Interiors Deep Earth Structure and Dynamics How Will Earth Change as Sea Level Rises? How Do Glaciers/Ice Sheets Change? Climate SGT SEISMOLOGY COMPRES EARTHSCOPE 1. Earthquake Processes How do Faults Slip? What Physical Earthquakes, Processes Faults, Control Earthquakes? UNAVCO STRUCTURE /TECTONICS What Physical Processes Control Earthquakes? Faults, Earthquakes, and Structures SGT 1. Earthquake Processes 2. Hazards and Resources SEISMOLOGY COMPRES EARTHSCOPE How Does the Earth’s Earthquake, Near-Surface Habitable Tsunami, Environment Surface: A Volcano, and Affect Natural Consequence Landslide Hazards and of the Planet’s Hazards Resources? Interior Where Are Water and Hydrocarbons? UNAVCO Will the Global Population Have Enough Water to Sustain Itself? STRUCTURE /TECTONICS SGT 1. Earthquake Processes 2. Hazards and Resources 3. Active Tectonics SEISMOLOGY How Do Plate Boundary Systems Evolve? COMPRES EARTHSCOPE UNAVCO STRUCTURE /TECTONICS Active How Do Tectonic Chemistry and Deformation Plates Deform? Deformation Topography/Tecto nics: Lithospheric Deformation SGT 1. Earthquake Processes 2. Hazards and Resources 3. Active Tectonics 4. Lithosphere Structure SEISMOLOGY What is the LithosphereAsthenosphere Boundary? COMPRES EARTHSCOPE Imaging the Crust and Lithosphere UNAVCO STRUCTURE /TECTONICS Surface/Deep Crust Connections SGT 1. Earthquake Processes 2. Hazards and Resources 3. Active Tectonics 4. Lithosphere Structure 5. Magmatic Processes SEISMOLOGY COMPRES How Do Magmas What are the Ascend and Mechanics of Erupt? Magmatic Systems? EARTHSCOPE UNAVCO Magmas and Volatiles in Crust and Mantle What are Mechanics of Magmatic Sys? STRUCTURE /TECTONICS SGT 1. Earthquake Processes 2. Hazards and Resources 3. Active Tectonics 4. Lithosphere Structure 5. Magmatic Processes 6. Surface Evolution SEISMOLOGY COMPRES EARTHSCOPE UNAVCO STRUCTURE /TECTONICS How Does Earth’s Surface Evolve? Continental Evolution Through Time How Does Geodesy, Earth’s Surface Geodynamics, Evolve? and Structural Geo SGT 1. Earthquake Processes 2. Hazards and Resources 3. Active Tectonics 4. Lithosphere Structure 5. Magmatic Processes 6. Surface Evolution 7. Rheology SEISMOLOGY COMPRES EARTHSCOPE Rheology of the Lithosphere UNAVCO STRUCTURE /TECTONICS Rheology SGT 1. Earthquake Processes 2. Hazards and Resources 3. Active Tectonics 4. Lithosphere Structure 5. Magmatic Processes 6. Surface Evolution 7. Rheology 8. Stress, Strain, and Strain Rates SEISMOLOGY COMPRES What is the Relationship Between Stress and Strain in the Lithosphere? EARTHSCOPE UNAVCO STRUCTURE /TECTONICS Strain and Strain Rates SGT 1. Earthquake Processes 2. Hazards and Resources 3. Active Tectonics 4. Lithosphere Structure 5. Magmatic Processes 6. Surface Evolution 7. Rheology 8. Stress, Strain, and Strain Rates 9. Hydrosphere, Cryosphere, Atmosphere SEISMOLOGY How Do Processes in the Ocean and Atmosphere Interact With Solid Earth? COMPRES EARTHSCOPE UNAVCO STRUCTURE /TECTONICS Hydrosphere, Cryosphere, and Atmosphere How Will Earth Climate Change as Sea Level Rises? How Do Glaciers/Ice Sheets Change? SGT 1. Earthquake Processes 2. Hazards and Resources 3. Active Tectonics 4. Lithosphere Structure 5. Magmatic Processes 6. Surface Evolution 7. Rheology 8. Stress, Strain, and Strain Rates 9. Hydrosphere, Cryosphere, Atmosphere 10. Deep Earth Structure and Dynamics SEISMOLOGY COMPRES How Do T & X The Magnetic Variations Field, Earth’s Control Core, and the Mantle/Core Deep Mantle Convection? The Third How Are Earth’s Dimension of Internal Plate Boundaries Tectonics Affected by Dynamics? EARTHSCOPE Deep Earth Structure and Dynamics UNAVCO STRUCTURE /TECTONICS SGT 1. Earthquake Processes 2. Hazards and Resources 3. Active Tectonics 4. Lithosphere Structure 5. Magmatic Processes 6. Surface Evolution 7. Rheology 8. Stress, Strain, and Strain Rates 9. Hydrosphere, Cryosphere, Atmosphere 10. Deep Earth Structure and Dynamics 11. Other Planets SEISMOLOGY COMPRES Other Planets, Other Interiors EARTHSCOPE UNAVCO STRUCTURE /TECTONICS COMBINED New Research Opportunities in the Earth Sciences (NROES) 1. Earthquake Processes 1. The Early Earth 2. Hazards and Resources 3. Active Tectonics 2. Thermo-Chemical Internal Dynamics and Volatile Distribution 4. Lithosphere Structure 3. Faulting and Deformation Processes 5. Magmatic Processes 4. Interactions among Climate, Surface Processes, Tectonics, and Deep Earth Processes 6. Surface Evolution 7. Rheology 8. Stress, Strain, and Strain Rates 9. Hydrosphere, Cryosphere, Atmosphere 10. Deep Earth Structure and Dynamics 11. Other Planets 5. Co-evolution of Life, Environment, and Climate 6. Coupled Hydrogeomorphic-Ecosystem Response to Natural and Anthropogenic Change 7. Biogeochemical and Water Cycles in Terrestrial Environments and Impacts of Global Change 8. Recent Advances in Geochronology COMBINED New Research Opportunities in the Earth Sciences (NROES) 1. Earthquake Processes 1. The Early Earth 2. Hazards and Resources 3. Active Tectonics 2. Thermo-Chemical Internal Dynamics and Volatile Distribution 4. Lithosphere Structure 3. Faulting and Deformation Processes 5. Magmatic Processes 4. Interactions among Climate, Surface Processes, Tectonics, and Deep Earth Processes 6. Surface Evolution 7. Rheology 8. Stress, Strain, and Strain Rates 9. Hydrosphere, Cryosphere, Atmosphere 10. Deep Earth Structure and Dynamics 11. Other Planets 5. Co-evolution of Life, Environment, and Climate 6. Coupled Hydrogeomorphic-Ecosystem Response to Natural and Anthropogenic Change 7. Biogeochemical and Water Cycles in Terrestrial Environments and Impacts of Global Change 8. Recent Advances in Geochronology COMBINED New Research Opportunities in the Earth Sciences (NROES) 1. Earthquake Processes 1. The Early Earth 2. Hazards and Resources 3. Active Tectonics 2. Thermo-Chemical Internal Dynamics and Volatile Distribution 4. Lithosphere Structure 3. Faulting and Deformation Processes 5. Magmatic Processes 4. Interactions among Climate, Surface Processes, Tectonics, and Deep Earth Processes 6. Surface Evolution 7. Rheology 8. Stress, Strain, and Strain Rates 9. Hydrosphere, Cryosphere, Atmosphere 10. Deep Earth Structure and Dynamics 11. Other Planets 5. Co-evolution of Life, Environment, and Climate 6. Coupled Hydrogeomorphic-Ecosystem Response to Natural and Anthropogenic Change 7. Biogeochemical and Water Cycles in Terrestrial Environments and Impacts of Global Change 8. Recent Advances in Geochronology COMBINED New Research Opportunities in the Earth Sciences (NROES) 1. Earthquake Processes 1. The Early Earth 2. Hazards and Resources 3. Active Tectonics 2. Thermo-Chemical Internal Dynamics and Volatile Distribution 4. Lithosphere Structure 3. Faulting and Deformation Processes 5. Magmatic Processes 4. Interactions among Climate, Surface Processes, Tectonics, and Deep Earth Processes 6. Surface Evolution 7. Rheology 8. Stress, Strain, and Strain Rates 9. Hydrosphere, Cryosphere, Atmosphere 10. Deep Earth Structure and Dynamics 11. Other Planets 5. Co-evolution of Life, Environment, and Climate 6. Coupled Hydrogeomorphic-Ecosystem Response to Natural and Anthropogenic Change 7. Biogeochemical and Water Cycles in Terrestrial Environments and Impacts of Global Change 8. Recent Advances in Geochronology COMBINED New Research Opportunities in the Earth Sciences (NROES) 1. Earthquake Processes 1. The Early Earth 2. Hazards and Resources 3. Active Tectonics 2. Thermo-Chemical Internal Dynamics and Volatile Distribution 4. Lithosphere Structure 3. Faulting and Deformation Processes 5. Magmatic Processes 4. Interactions among Climate, Surface Processes, Tectonics, and Deep Earth Processes 6. Surface Evolution 7. Rheology 8. Stress, Strain, and Strain Rates 9. Hydrosphere, Cryosphere, Atmosphere 10. Deep Earth Structure and Dynamics 11. Other Planets 5. Co-evolution of Life, Environment, and Climate 6. Coupled Hydrogeomorphic-Ecosystem Response to Natural and Anthropogenic Change 7. Biogeochemical and Water Cycles in Terrestrial Environments and Impacts of Global Change 8. Recent Advances in Geochronology Geodesy Tectonics Structural Geology Rheology Geophysics Mineral Physics What are the “Practices” that can bring out these “Big Ideas” at a college level? Asking Questions and Defining Problems Developing and Using Models Planning and Carrying Out Investigations Analyzing and Interpreting Data Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions Engaging in Argument from Evidence Obtaining, Evaluating, and Communicating Information What are the “Practices” that can bring out these “Big Ideas” at a college level? Asking Questions and Defining Problems Developing and Using Models Planning and Carrying Out Investigations Analyzing and Interpreting Data Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions Engaging in Argument from Evidence Obtaining, Evaluating, and Communicating Information