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Social Entrepreneurship
Dr. Sherifa Fouad Sherif
Cairo University
Social Entrepreneurship
An Economist defines an entrepreneur
as one who brings resources, labor,
material and other assets in to
combinations that make their value
greater than before and also one who
introduces changes, innovations and a
new order.
Social Entrepreneurship
• Psychologists define an entrepreneur as
a person who is typically driven by a
psychological force, which create a
desire to obtain or attain something.
• Sociologists define an entrepreneur as a
person whose actions would determine
social status & contribute to societal
development.
Social Entrepreneurship
Management experts define an
entrepreneur as a person who has a
vision and generates an action plan to
achieve it.
According to Max Weber:
Innovator with unusual will and energy,
clarity of vision and ability to act.
Drucker’s Views on
Entrepreneur
“Innovation is the specific tool of
entrepreneurs, the means by which they exploit
changes as an opportunity for a different
business or a different service, capable of being
learned and practiced. Entrepreneurs need to
search purposefully for the sources of
innovation.”
General Characteristics of an
Entrepreneur
• Studies have determined six general
characteristics –
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Commitment and determination
Leadership
Opportunity Obsession
Tolerance of Risk, ambiguity and uncertainty
Creativity, self-reliance and ability to adapt
Motivation to excel
Self confidence
Entrepreneurial Skills
• Skills useful for an entrepreneur to possess.
• Group Skills –work and learn together, task
force, project teams
• Technical Skills – technological, writing,
managing, organizing.
• Business management skills- Decision Making
and analytical, conceptual skills
• Personal Entrepreneurial Skills- risk,
innovative, visionary, persistent, manage
change
Social Entrepreneurship
 Social entrepreneurship is the activity of establishing
new business ventures to achieve social change. The
business utilises creativity and innovation to bring
social, financial, service, educational or other
community benefits.
 Social enterprises are not charities or welfare agencies.
They are private businesses established by
entrepreneurs with an emphasis on human values rather
than just profit. These businesses focus on working
with and enhancing the social capital within the
community by encouraging participation, inclusion and
utilising a bottom-up approach to achieve social change
Elements of Social Enterprise
Three core elements:
Created to provide benefits for a community
Creates opportunities so people can help
themselves as well as others
Utilises sound commercial business practices
to ensure its sustainability i.e. the business
will naturally uphold and encourage
environmental sustainability as well as
ethical considerations
Characteristics of a Social Entrepreneur
Not bound by norms or traditions
Not confined by barriers that stand in the way
of their goals
Develop new models and pioneer new
approaches to enable them to overcome
obstacles
Take innovative approaches to solve social
issues
Transform communities through strategic
partnerships
Social entrepreneurs
“… a path breaker with a powerful idea, who combines
visionary and real world problem-solving creativity and
is ethical.”
“ ..combines street pragmatism with professional skills..”
“ they see opportunities where others only see empty
buildings, unemployable people and unvalued
resources”
“..Radical thinking is what makes social entrepreneurs
different .”
“they make markets work for people, not the other way
around, and gain strength from a wide network of
alliances”
“People see and then believe, entrepreneurs believe and
then see”
Growth Areas for Social
Enterprises
 Social entrepreneurs find opportunity in most economic
sectors. The growth areas for social enterprises are
identified as:
Environmental
Housing
Health and care
Information services
Public services
Financial services
Training and business development
Manufacturing
Food and agriculture
Bill Drayton
 Bill Drayton isn't just a great example of a social
entrepreneur, he actually helped to define and promote
the term itself.
 Drayton is the founder and current chair of Ashoka:
Innovators for the Public, an organization that is
dedicated to finding and helping social entrepreneurs
around the world. Drayton spreads out his social
entrepreneurship expertise in other organizations as
well.
 As of 2010, Ashoka Foundation has sponsored 2,145
fellows in 73 countries, some of which have gone on to
develop leading social businesses that have made a
huge impact on communities around the world.
Ibrahim Abouleish
 Ibrahim Abouleish was working in leading
pharmaceutical firms in Europe, developing new
treatments for osteoporosis.
 Founding the development initiative SEKEM (Ancient
Egyptian for "vitality from the sun").
 SEKEM grows plants that are developed into herbal
teas, fresh produce, and even organic cotton Abouleish
has also played a key role in developing new chemicalfree methods to process cotton and developing Egypt's
first private pharmaceuticals company.
Mohamed Yunus
One of the first names you're likely to
encounter is that of Muhammad Yunus.
Yunus is the founder of the Grameen
Bank, an institution that provides
microcredit loans to those in need to help
them develop financial self-sufficiency.
Founded in 1983, the bank has brought
in a net income of more than $10 million,
and his work with the organization
landed Yunus a Nobel Prize in 2006.