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AAAS-2004 TRACK: TITLE: DATE: TIME: Science and Security Issues of Trust and Security in Biological Databases Saturday, February 14 11:00 a.m. - 12:30 p.m. PARTICIPANT: Maria Zemankova, National Science Foundation Security, Privacy, Trust and Bioinformatics Extended Abstract: In this presentation, the term “bioinformatics” includes the data, information and knowledge and their acquisition, search, analysis, discovery and dissemination in broad areas spanning proteomics, genetics, neurology, medicine, zoology, botany, … to populations, and ecosystems. The goal of bioinformatics efforts is to provide an effective information-rich environment that will support endeavors in understanding of life from the molecular to the global scale, and use this understanding in improving the quality of human life as well as the global health. The area of bioinformatics has enjoyed a fast growth in the past decade and has a great success story to point to, namely the Human Genome project that advanced rapidly due to an excellent underlying information infrastructure. Information-driven research is advancing rapidly other welldefined areas. However, the challenge now is to link complex inter-dependencies among the elements of specific biological and environmental systems and discover new interactions. We need to harness all kinds of information, ranging from proteomics to ecosystems, as well as information about environments that range from frozen polar regions and volcanic vents to temperate forests and agricultural lands as well as the neighborhoods and industries of urban centers. The key issue underlying such endeavors is complexity, i.e., research on the individual components of biological or environmental systems provides only limited information about their behavior, and cannot provide answers needed for understanding the global system and hence improving of the global health. Therefore, the challenge is to provide bioinformatics tools that will enable interdisciplinary, collaborative research. In order to have comprehensive understanding, e.g., relating to the West Nile Virus, we also need to consider other related sources of information, e.g., on global warming, travel patterns, etc. It would be desirable to have an integrated access to all relevant sources of information and have tools for information integration and manipulation across the various domains. However, we cannot achieve this goal without solving difficult issues in conceptual integration of heterogeneous data, information, ontologies and various knowledge type representations, knowledge evolution; addressing technical problems in seamless access to various to storage and networking paradigms; as well as information needs of the various users, including the guarantees for security, privacy and trust in the information we “own” or access. Efforts on various aspects of this overarching goal will be discussed, with a special emphasis on the tradeoffs between security, privacy and trust. Most people would agree that medical patient records must be protected, but on the other hand anybody would prefer to have their medical record’s privacy compromised in an emergency situation, should this save their life. Although such considerations may not apply to animals or plants, some biodiversity data is sensitive, as the locations observations on endangered species should not come into wrong hands. To be sure that this does not happen, we can consider an option of not providing access to the data over public networks, or removing accurate location and other attributes from the data. The questions we need to ask is when and how to implement the various security/privacy/trust strategies. Issues addressed will include: key security/privacy/trust issues in biological databases, including their relative importance, suggestions for addressing them, and implications of not addressing them. Research issues and research support opportunities at the National Science Foundation and other agencies will be discussed, with an aim to also receive feedback on new research directions in bioinformatics. Maria Zemankova Biosketch Maria Zemankova Program Director Information & Data Management (IDM) Information & Intelligent Systems Division (IIS) Computer & Information Science & Engineering Directorate (CISE) National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1115 Arlington, Virginia 22230, USA Phone: (703)292-8930 Fax:(703) 292-9073 Email: [email protected] Maria Zemankova spent her youth in the Czech Republic, learnt English working as an Au-Pair in England, received her B.S. in Mathematics and Computing with minor in Psychology from the American University in Cairo in 1977, and M.S. and Ph.D. in Computer Science from the Florida State University in 1979 and 1983, respectively. From 1984 to 1988 she was on faculty of the Department of Computer Science at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. She served as the director for the Database and Expert Systems Program at the National Science Foundation during 1989-93. She was instrumental in the conception of initiatives "Research on Scientific Databases" and "Digital Libraries". She spent a year with the MITRE Corporation in McLean, Virginia as a Principal Scientist in the area of information systems, and returned to NSF in Fall 1994. She served as the Deputy Division Director for the Information, Robotics and Intelligent Systems Fall 1995 - Fall 1997. Maria spent the year 2002 as a Visiting Researcher at the National Library of Medicine in the Cognitive Science Branch at the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, working in the area of medical informatics. Her research interests are in intelligent information systems, knowledge discovery in scientific and medical databases, information organization and tailored information access/delivery in digital libraries, evolutionary information systems, organization and process modeling in information systems, and management of uncertainty, reasoning and learning in knowledgebased systems. Her publications include a monograph Fuzzy Relational Databases - a Key to Expert Systems coauthored with A. Kandel (Verlag TUV Rheinland, Koln, 1984) translated to Japanese by M. Mukaidono (Keigaku Publishing Co., Tokyo, 1987), five volumes of Methodologies for Intelligent Systems co-edited with Z. Ras (ACM SIGART Press, 1986; North Holland, 1987, 1990; Springer Verlag, 1991, 1994), Intelligent Systems: State of the Art and Future Directions, co-edited with Z. Ras (Artificial Intelligence Series, Ellis Horwood Limited, London, 1990), and papers in journals, conference proceedings, or invited contributions to books. Maria Zemankova is Co-Editor-in-Chief with L. Kerschberg and Z. Ras of Journal of Intelligent Information Systems: Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Database Technologies, an Associate Editor of the Int. J. of Approximate Reasoning, and has been on program or organizing committees of numerous conferences and workshops. Dr. Zemankova is a member of ACM, IEEE, NAFIPS (North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society), and Sigma Xi. In 1992, she received the ACM SIGMOD Contributions Award.