Download 1. In each generation, the tails of puppies were cut short for four

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In each generation, the tails of puppies were cut short for four generations. The fifth generation of puppies was born with
long tails. This observation would disprove the ideas contained in
A. Darwin’s Theory of Natural selection
B. Lamarck’s Theory of Use and Disuse
C. Mendel’s Laws of Genetics
D. None of the above
The hip and leg bones of a snake would be examples of
A. Homologous structures
B. Analogous structures
C. Vestigial structures
D. Acquired structures
Genetic drift occurs
A. When a population is small.
B. When a population is large.
C. When a population is not evolving.
D. No mutations happen in a population.
The arm of a human and the leg of a dog would be examples of
A. Homologous structures
B. Analogous structures
C. Vestigial structures
D. Acquired structures
Modern dogs resemble wolves. This similarity may suggest that dogs
A. share a common ancestor with wolves.
B. evolved from wolves.
C. evolved before wolves.
D. belong to the same species as wolves.
Human embryos and fish embryos are nearly identical. This similarity among vertebrate embryos suggests that humans
A. share a common ancestor with fish.
B. evolved from fish.
C. evolved before fish.
D. belong to the same species as fish.
In a population of butterflies in which one group of butterflies has a very light white color and another group has a very
dark, black color, while there are no butterflies with medium gray color, what process has probably occurred?
A. Directional selection
B. Stabilizing selection
C. Disruptive selection
D. No selection
A population of snakes exists in which one group of snakes has very thick scales that make it difficult for them to grow and
another group has very thin scales that make it very easy for predators or sharp objects in the environment to pierce them.
Those snakes with medium thickness scales have the highest survival rate. What process has probably occurred in this
snake population?
A. Directional selection
B. Stabilizing selection
C. Disruptive selection
D. No selection
In a population of birds in which those birds with heavy weight skeletons cannot fly and so die, only those birds with
medium or very lightweight skeletons survive. What process has probably occurred in this bird population?
A. Directional selection
B. Stabilizing selection
C. Disruptive selection
D. No selection
10. If a mutation introduces a new wing color in a butterfly population, which factor might determine whether the frequency
of the new gene will increase?
A. how many other genes are present
B. whether the mutation makes some butterflies more fit for their environment than others
C. how many phenotypes the population has
D. whether the mutation was caused by nature or by human intervention
11. If a mutation introduces a new fur color in a field mouse population, which factor might determine whether the frequency
of the new gene will increase?
A. how many other fur color genes are present
B. how well it makes the butterflies more adapted to survive in their environment
C. how many phenotypes the population has
D. whether the selection is natural or artificial
12. The fossil record tells us that
A. Life first appeared on land.
B. Complexity of life on Earth has increased.
C. Natural selection has no evolutionary effects.
D. Large organisms appeared before single-celled organisms.
13. Although they often live in the same habitat, gray squirrels eat different nuts than red squirrels. Which of the following is
true?
A. The eating habits of these two squirrels are an example of a behavioral adaptation.
B. These two squirrel breeds have developed different structural adaptations to allow them to eat different foods.
C. The two species will compete for food throughout the spring season.
D. These eating habits are a physiological adaptation of the squirrels.
14. Skunks’ scent glands at the base their tail produce a foul odor that can be used to ward off predators. Which of the
following is true?
A. This is an example of a behavioral adaptation in skunks.
B. These skunks have developed this structural adaptation to protect themselves from predators.
C. This physiological adaptation is something the skunk’s body does to protect it from predators.
D. Skunks will lose this adaptation if they don’t use it.
15. Tigers have sharp teeth and claws to help them to catch, kill, and eat their prey. What type of adaptation are the sharp
teeth and claws?
A. Structural
B. Behavioral
C. Physiological
D. Disruptive
16. Which of the following graphs represents disruptive selection?
A.
B.
C.
D.
17. Which of the following graphs represents directional selection?
A.
B.
C.
D.
18. Which of the following graphs represents stabilizing selection?
A.
C.
B.
D.
19. According to Darwin’s theory, in nature, the rule “survival of the fittest” applies. What does this mean?
A. Organisms that are the strongest or tallest survive and reproduce.
B. Organisms that are the best adapted to their environment survive, produce more offspring, and pass their genes on to
these offspring.
C. People get to select who survives and reproduces.
D. Organisms can change a trait by using it in a specific way during their lifetime, then they pass this on to their offspring.
However, if they don’t use or lose the trait during their lifetime, it won’t be passed on to their offspring.
20. If a dog breeder chooses to breed two specific dogs to produce a pure-bred puppy, this would be an example of
A. Random mating
B. Artificial selection
C. Mutation
D. The Founder Effect
21. The equation p+q=1 means that
A. The sum of the frequencies of all three genotypes for a trait equals 100%.
B. That p and q will always be 0.5.
C. That p and q will always be the same.
D. The sum of the frequencies of the dominant and recessive alleles for a trait is 100%.
22. Nature selects which organisms live and which ones die based upon
A. The phenotype of the organism.
B. The traits of the environment.
C. Mutations present in the organism.
D. The genes an organism contains.
23. Which of the following might indicate that a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
A. Mutations are present in organisms in the population.
B. The population is very small.
C. The alleles do not add up to 100%.
D. No selection is occurring in the population.
24. Which of the following will not aid in the formation of a new species?
A. Geographic isolation
B. Reproductive isolation
C. Changes in the genetic make-up of a population
D. No natural selection occurring in the population
25. If one out of every 100 babies in the U.S. is affected by a recessive genetic disorder, what would be the expected
percentage of carriers of this recessive allele in the U.S. population?
A. 10%
B. 81%
C. 18%
D. 1%