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CHEMISTRY
November 20, 2014
REVIEW
SCIENCE STARTER
• You are seated and silent
• You have 7 minutes
• Do the SCIENCE STARTER
REVIEW
PHYSICAL BEHAVIORS OF
MATTERS
PB1
• Which substance can not be broken down by
chemical means?
– Ammonia
– Antimony
– Methane
– Water
PB2
• Which substance can not be broken down by a
chemical change?
– Methane
– Propanal
– Tungsten
– Water
PB3
• Which substance can NOT be broken down by
a chemical change?
– Ammonia
– Ethanol
– Propanal
– Zirconium
PB4
• Two grams of potassium chloride are
completely dissolved in a sample of water in a
beaker. This solution is classified as
– An element
– A compound
– A homogeneous mixture
– A heterogeneous mixture
PB5
• Salt water is classified as a
– Compound because the proportion of its atoms is
fixed
– Compound because the proportion of its atoms
can vary
– Mixture because the proportion of its components
is fixed
– Mixture because the proportion of its component
can vary
PB6
• A substance is classified as either an element
or a
– Compound
– Solution
– Heterogeneous mixture
– Homogeneous mixture
PB7
• Which diagram represents a mixture of two
different molecular forms of the same
element?
A
B
C
D
PB8
• A gas changes directly to a solid during
– Fusion
– Deposition
– Saponification
– Decomposition
SUBATOMIC PARTICLES
SP1
• In an atom of argon-40, the number of
protons
– Equals the number of electrons
– Equals the number of neutrons
– Is less than the number of electrons
– Is greater than the number of electrons
SB2
• Which statement matches a subatomic
particle with its charge?
– A neutron has a negative charge
– A proton has a negative charge
– A neutron has no charge
– A proton has no charge
SB3
• Which statement compares the masses of two
subatomic particles?
– The mass of an electron is greater than the mass
of a proton
– The mass of an electron is greater than the mass
of a neutron
– The mass of a proton is greater than the mass of
an electron
– The mass of a proton is greater than the mass of a
neutron
SB4
• Which subatomic particles are located in the
nucleus of an He-4 atom?
– Electrons and neutrons
– Electrons and protons
– Neutrons and protons
– Neutrons, protons, and electrons
SB5
• Which particles have approximately the same
mass?
– An electron and an alpha particle
– An electron and a proton
– A neutron and an alpha particle
– A neutron and a proton
SB6
• The greatest composition by mass in an atom
of O-17 (8) is due to the total mass of its
– Electrons
– Neutrons
– Positrons
– Protons
SB7
• Which quantity can vary among atoms of the
same element?
– Mass number
– Atomic number
– Number of protons
– Number of electrons
SB8
• What is the approximate mass of a proton?
–1u
– 0.0005 u
–1g
– 0.0005 g
SB9
• Which quantity represents the number of
protons in an atom?
– Atomic number
– Oxidation number
– Number of neutrons
– Number of valence electrons
SB10
• Compared to the charge of a proton, the
charge of an electron has
– A greater magnitude and the same sign
– A greater magnitude and the opposite sign
– The same magnitude and the same sign
– The same magnitude and the opposite sign
SB11
• Which phrase describes an atom?
– A negatively charged nucleus surrounded by
positively charged protons
– A negatively charged nucleus surrounded by
positively charged electrons
– A negatively charged nucleus surrounded by
negatively charged protons
– A positively charged nucleus surrounded by
negatively charged electrons
SB12
• Which statement about one atom of an
element identifies the element?
– The atom has 1 proton.
– The atom has 2 neutrons.
– The sum of the number of protons and neutrons
in the atom is 3
– The difference between the number of neutrons
and protons in the atom is 1
SB13
• The mass of a proton is approximately equal
to the mass of
– An alpha particle
– A beta particle
– A positron
– A neutron
SB14
• Every chlorine atom has
– 7 electrons
– 17 neutrons
– A mass number of 35
– An atomic number of 17
SB15
• An atom in the ground state has two electrons
in its first shell and six electrons in its second
shell. What is the total number of protons in
the nucleus of this atoms?
–5
–2
–7
–8
SB16
• What is the charge of the nucleus of an
oxygen?
–0
– -2
– +8
– +16
ATOMIC MODEL
AM1
• An orbital is a region of space where there is a
high probability of finding
– A proton
– A positron
– A neutron
– An electron
AM2
• In the late 1800s, experiments using cathode
ray tube led to the discovery of the
– Electron
– Neutron
– Positron
– Proton
AM3
• According to the wave-mechanical model of
the model, an orbital is a region of the most
probable location of
– An alpha particle
– A gamma ray
– An electron
– A proton
AM4
• In the wave-mechanical model of the atom, an
orbital is defined as
– A region of the most probable proton location
– A region of the most probable electron location
– A circular path traveled by a proton around the
nucleus
– A circular path traveled by an electron around the
nucleus
AM5
• The gold foil experiment led to the conclusion
that each atom in the foil was composed
mostly of empty space because most alpha
particles directed at the foil
– Passed through the foil
– Remained trapped in the foil
– Were deflected by the nuclei in gold atoms
– Were deflected by the electrons in gold atoms
AM6
• An orbital is defined as a region of the most
probable location of
– An electron
– A neutron
– A nucleus
– A proton
ISOTOPES
I1
• What information is necessary to determine the
atomic mass of the element chlorine?
– The atomic mass of each artificially produced isotope
of chlorine, only
– The relative abundance of each naturally occurring
isotope of chlorine only
– The atomic mass and the relative abundance of each
naturally occurring isotope of chlorine
– The atomic mass and the relative abundance of each
naturally occurring and artificially produced isotope of
chlorine
I2
• What is the total number of neutrons in an
atom of O-18?
– 18
– 16
– 10
–8
I3
• The atomic mass of titanium is 47.88 atomic
mass units. This atomic mass represents the
– Total mass of all the protons and neutrons in an
atom of Ti
– Total mass of all the protons, neutrons and
electrons in an atom of Ti
– Weighted average mass of the most abundant
isotope of Ti
– Weighted average mass of all the naturally
occurring isotopes of Ti
I4
• Which notations represent different isotopes
of the element sodium?
– 32S and 34S
– S2- and S6+
– Na+ and Na0
– 22Na and 23Na
I5
• An atom that has 13 protons and 15 neutrons
is an isotope of the element
– Nickel
– Silicon
– Aluminum
– Phosphorus
I6
• The atomic masses and the
natural abundances of the
two naturally occurring
isotopes of lithium are
shown in the table below:
• Which numerical setup can be used to determine the
atomic mass of lithium?
–
–
–
–
(0.075)(6.02 u) + (0.925)(7.02 u)
(0.925)(6.02 u) + (0.075)(7.02 u)
(7.5)(6.02 u) + (92.5)(7.02 u)
(92.6=5)(6.02 u) + (7.5)(7.02 u)
I7
• The total number of protons, electrons and
neutrons in each of four different atoms are
shown in the table below. Which two atoms are
isotopes of the same element?
Atom
Total Number of Protons
Total Number of Electrons
Total Number of Neutrons
A
5
5
7
D
6
6
8
X
7
7
8
Z
7
7
9
–
–
–
–
A and D
A and Z
X and D
X and Z
ELECTRONS
E1
• Which electron configuration represents the
electrons of a chlorine (Cl) atom in a ground
state?
– 1-8-8
– 2-8-8
– 2-7-8
– 2-8-7
E2
• Which electron configuration represents a
bromine (Br) atom in an excited state?
– 2-7-18-6
– 2-7-18-7
– 2-7-18-8
– 2-8-18-7
E3
• An electron in a silver atom moves from the
third shell to the fourth shell. This change is a
result of
– Absorbing energy
– Releasing energy
– Gaining an electron
– Losing an electron
E4
• When an excited electron in an atom moves to
the ground state, the electron
– Absorbs energy as it moves to a higher energy
state
– Absorbs energy as it moves to a lower energy
state
– Emits energy as it moves to a higher energy state
– Emits energy as it moves to a lower energy state
E5
• The bright-line spectrum of copper is
produced when energy is
– Absorbed as electrons move from higher to lower
electron shells
– Absorbed as electrons move from lower to higher
electron shells
– Released as electrons move from higher to lower
electron shells
– Released as electrons move from lower to higher
electron shells
E6
• During a flame test, a lithium salt produces a
characteristic red flame. This red color is
produced when electrons in excited lithium
atoms
– Are lost by the atoms
– Are gained by the atoms
– Return to lower energy states within the atoms
– Move to higher energy states within the atoms
E7
• What must occur when an electron in an atom
returns from a higher energy state to a lower
energy state?
– A specific amount of energy is released.
– A random amount of energy is released.
– The atom undergoes transmutation.
– The atom spontaneously decays
E8
• The diagram below
represents the bright-line
spectra of four elements
and a bright-line spectrum
produced by a mixture of
three of these elements.
• Which element is NOT
present in the mixture?
–
–
–
–
A
D
X
Z
E9
• Compared to the energy and charge of the
electrons in the first shell of a Be atom, the
electrons in the second shell of this atom have
– Less energy and the same charge
– Less energy and a different charge
– More energy and the same charge
– More energy and a different charge
E10A
• An atom in an excited state has an electron
configuration of 2-7-6
– Explain, in term of subatomic particles why this
excited atom is electrically neutral.
•
E10B
• Write the electron configuration of this atom in the
ground state.
ANNOUNCEMENT
• MIDTERM – FRIDAY (TOMORROW)
AGENDA
• THE SCIENCE STARTER
• R.A.C.E
ASSIGNMENTS
• SPEND THE REST OF THE TIME
COMPLETING ANY MISSING WORKS.
–LABS (3)
–HOMEWORK (PAPER AND ONLINE)
–MAKEUP QUIZES
–WRITING ASSIGNMENT
AIM
• How does RACE help you provide a
solid evidence-based response?
R.A.C.E
• R: Restate the question/writing prompt
using key words
• A: Assertion – what is your answer to
the prompt?
• C: Citation- cite the evidence that
proves your answer from the text. This
should be a direct quote from the book
• E: Explain: Explain how the quote
answer the question/prompt with your
own words and brings closure to the
response
EXAMPLE WRITING
• The goal of the main character, Brian, in
Hatchet is to go see his dad in the Canadian
wilderness for summer vacation. It says in
the story on page 7, “So this first summer
when he was allowed to have “visitation
rights” with his father, …, Brian was heading
north.” This part was about Brian flying in a
Cessna plane to go spend the summer with
his father in the Canadian wilderness which
is his goal in the story.
WRITING PROMPT
• Compare Oxygen-16 to
Oxygen-18 (Include the words
isotopes and neutrons).
Restate/Assertion
• Oxygen-16 and Oxygen-18 are similar
• Oxygen-16 and Oxygen-18 are different
• Since Oxygen-16 and Oxygen-18 are
Cite
• As stated in the article,
• As can be seen in the text,
• Line 5 of paragraph 2 states
Explain
•
•
•
•
Therefore,
Hence,
As a result,
The evidence clearly supports
COMPARISON
• Restate/Assertion = Claim
• Cite = Evidence
• Explain = Justify