Download Our Solar System

Open Doppler Effect Sound on Slide 3
Big bang….explain as
Smallest balloon ever…That is the hotter than you can imagine, denser
than you can imagine and this balloon starts to expand with us inside of
it along with other stars, and galaxies
4% stars and galaxies
96% dark matter and energy
Rather than imagining a balloon popping and releasing its contents,
imagine a balloon expanding: an infinitesimally small balloon
expanding to the size of our current universe.
We don't know where it came from, why it's here, or even where it is.
All we really know is that we are inside of it and at one time it didn't
exist and neither did we.
The pressure is thought to be so intense that finite matter is actually squished
into infinite density (a mathematical concept which truly boggles the mind).
These zones of infinite density are called "singularities." Our universe is
thought to have begun as an infinitesimally small, infinitely hot, infinitely dense,
something - a singularity. Where did it come from? We don't know. Why did it
appear? We don't know.
HOW SCIENTISTS BELIEVE THE
SOLAR SYSTEM FORMED
The Big Bang Theory:
•The universe began with a
big expansion from a bit of
very small matter around
10-15 billion years ago
•Evidence for this theory is
that the universe is still
expanding and being
formed
•Scientists know the universe
is still expanding by the Red
Shift
DOPPLER EFFECT
SOUND
http://www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/applets/doppler2.html
DOPPLER EFFECT
COLOR
RED SHIFT
The red shift causes lines in the
spectra of galaxies to be
shifted towards the red end of
the spectrum. The red shift
indicates that distant galaxies
are moving apart rapidly, as
the universe expands. A shift
towards the blue would mean
that galaxies are moving
towards us.
How Our Solar System Was Formed:
1. A nebula (cloud) of gas, ice, and dust slowly
formed in space
2. 99% of this nebula became more dense,
rotated faster, heated up and formed our
Sun
3. The leftover matter (1%) became the
planets and asteroids
a. First four inner planets formed were
small, rocky and had iron cores....they
are known as the terrestrial planets
b. Last four outer planets are large and
made of gas and are known as the gas
giants....Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
Neptune
THE INNER PLANETS
Size Comparison
X
THE INNER PLANETS
MERCURY- closest to the Sun
•Has the shortest orbit around the sun therefore the
shortest year of all 8 planets
•No atmosphere so it is heavy cratered
•Is NOT the hottest planet
•Has no satellites or moons
MERCURY
VENUS- second from the Sun
•Known as Earth’s twin because size and mass
are similar to Earth’s
•Extremely dense atmosphere of clouds made
of carbon dioxide gas that causes a
greenhouse effect. Therefore Venus is the
hottest planet
•Has retrograde rotation which means it spins
backwards
•One day on Venus is longer than a year on
Venus
•Has no satellites or moons
Earth
3rd Planet
from the
Sun
MARS- fourth planet from the Sun
•Called the red planet because
iron oxide in rocks makes Mars a
reddish color
•Has the largest volcano in the
solar system named Olympus
Mons (3x height of Mt. Everest)
•2 small moons: Phobos and
Deimos
ASTEROID BELT
•Asteroid belt is
located between
Mars and Jupiter
•Asteroids are
pieces that were
left over from the
formation of the
Solar system that
didn’t turn into a
planet because of
the gravity from
Jupiter
•The largest asteroid is Ceres which is 580 miles
wide…put all the asteroids in the belt together and you
would have something around the size of our moon
•It contains about a third of
the belt's total mass.
•100,000 asteroids inhabit
the asteroid belt
•One of 3 dwarf planets
•Dawn spacecraft is on the
way there now…2015…for
asteroid hopping
•The moons of some planets may be asteroids pulled
out of the asteroid belt
Play
DVD on
Planet
Sizes
THE OUTER PLANETS
Called the gas giants because they are made of gases
and do not have a solid surface like the 4 inner planets
Gases include mostly hydrogen, helium and methane
Are the largest of all the planets in the solar system
All the gas giants have rings
Have numerous moons and very thin atmospheres
THE SOLAR SYSTEM TO SIZE
JUPITER - fifth planet from the Sun
•Largest planet in the solar system
Volcanic Eruptions on IO
•A stormy ball of mostly hydrogen and helium
•The Great Red Spot is similar to a hurricane with winds up
to 400 miles/hr that never disappears
•Rotates the fastest of all the planets…a day is 10 hours
•Has 63 moons…IO the only moon with active volcanoes
•Has faint rings
A case of planetary measles?
Baby Red Spot
Red Spot Jr.
Great Red Spot
SATURN sixth planet
from the Sun
•second
largest in the
solar system
•Has a
density less
than one …
it would float
on water if
you could
find a big
enough tub
•Has the largest ring
system…each ring is
composed of
thousands of ringlets of
ice and rock particles
which maybe leftovers
of comets or moons
pulled in by the
planet’s gravity
•Rings are 165,000
miles in diameter and
150 feet thick
•Has 56 moons—Titan is
the largest, larger than
Mercury
This image was taken
5.5 Million Miles Away
By Voyager 1
URANUS -
seventh planet
from the Sun
•Atmosphere of
hydrogen, helium
and methane
•Methane makes
the planet bluish
green in color
•Rotates on its
side … which
means it rolls
like a ball
instead of
spinning like a
top…probably
knocked
sideways by
the impact of
an Earth-size
object
•Has 27 moons
NEPTUNE -the eighth planet from the Sun
•Generates more heat than it receives from the Sun
•Its Great Dark Spot is thought to be a storm like that on
Jupiter
•Has 13 moons, of which pinkish Triton is the largest
Neptune
Triton
Clouds in southern hemisphere suggest seasons on Neptune.
Neptune takes about 165 years to orbit the Sun. A winter
Pluto Demoted
there would be roughly four decades.
Video Clip
WHY WAS PLUTO DEMOTED TO A
DWARF PLANET?
The definition of a planet had not
been updated for 100’s of years so
in 2006 these qualifications were
voted on and approved by
International Astronomical Union
Qualifications of a planet:
1. It must be in orbit around the sun or another star
2. It needs to have sufficient mass for gravity to pull it into a
nearly round shape
3. It must have cleared the neighborhood around its orbit
of all other orbital debris.
Pluto falls short on the last requirement (#3)
because of the Kuiper Belt
AMAZING EARTH SCIENCE FACTS
big bang
•The ____________theory
explains the origin of the
Universe. The Universe began as a dense sphere that
expanded and condensed into galaxies.
•2 types of planets - The inner planets which
small & dense
are _________________
and the outer planets which are
________________________
large and gaseous
third planet from the sun
•The Earth is the _______
AMAZING EARTH SCIENCE FACTS
Comets
1. _____________
are known as dirty snowballs in space
and originate in the Oort cloud.
2. Comet’s tail is the result of the Solar Wind and
away
always points _________
from the Sun.
3. Asteroids are rocky or metallic iron objects with
origins between __________________.
Mars and Jupiter
Red Shifts
4. _____________
indicate the Universe is expanding
Big Bang
outward. This is used to support the _____________
Theory.