Download Exam 1 Topics to Review (McMurry Chpts 1

Exam1TopicstoReview(McMurryChpts1-3)
Chpt1.MatterandMeasurements
1. Convertbetweenscientificnotationandstandardnotation.
2. Temperatureunitconversions(MemorizeK<-->°Cconversion.)
3. SignificantFigures
a. Reportmeasurementstocorrectnumberofsigfigsandwithunits.
b. Identify/countsignificantfiguresinmeasurements.
c. Reportresultsofcalculationstocorrectnumberofsignificantfigures
d. Knowrulesforroundingoff.
4. Dounitconversionsthroughdimensionalanalysis.
5. Understandandsolvedensityproblems,usingD=m/V.
6. Understandthethreephysicalstates:solid,liquid,gas.
7. Distinguishbetweenphysicalandchemicalproperties,andphysicalandchemical
changes.
8. Identifygivenmatteraselement,compound,ormixture(homogeneousor
heterogeneous),givendescriptionsorparticle-viewpictures.
9. Interpretchemicalformula:thenumberofatomsofeachelement.
SomeSampleProblems
1. Expresseachnumberinscientificnotation:
a)0.5012 b)5,012,000
2. Rewriteeachnumberasan“ordinary”decimalnumber:
a)2.789x103 b)2.789x10-3
3. Performthefollowingunitconversions:
a)1.75milestokilometers
b)761.2mmtocentimeters
4. Calculatethedensity,given:mass=122.4g;volume=5.5cm3
5. Physicalorchemicalproperty?:Theelementbromineisadense,dark-red,pungentsmellingliquid.
6. Physicalorchemicalchange?:Arubberbandstretcheswhenyoupullonit.
7. Mixtureorpuresubstance?:a)milk b)hydrogenperoxide
8. Homogeneousorheterogeneousmixture?:a)salsa b)gasoline
9. IsH2anelementoracompound?Anatom?Amolecule?
10. Whatisthevolumeofliquidinthisgraduatedcylinder?
50 mL
40 mL
Chpt2.AtomsandthePeriodicTable 1. UnderstandbasicprinciplesofDalton’sAtomicTheory.
2. Understandthenuclearatommodel:
a. Protons,neutrons,electrons:theirlocations,charges,relativemassandsize
3. Writeandinterpretisotopesymbolsforatoms.
a. Knowatomicnumber,massnumber.
b. Findnumberofprotons,neutrons,andelectronsfromisotopesymbol.
4. Isotopes:Calculateatomicmassofanelementbasedonisotopicabundance
a. Understandatomicmassunit.
Kim-Chem30ASP17
b. Knowdefinitionofisotope.
c. Calculateatomicweightofanelement,given%abundanceandmassesofits
isotopes.
5. PeriodicTableofElements
a. Knowlocationsof:Periods,groups,maingroupvs.transitionelements,metals
vs.nonmetalsvs.metalloids,alkalimetals,alkalineearthmetals,halogens,noble
gases
6. Quantummechanicalmodelofatoms:
a. Knowwhydiscretelinespectra(ratherthancontinuousspectra)areseenfor
atoms.
b. Knowwhatanorbitis:probabilitymapthatshowstheprobabilityoffindingan
electroninacertainspace.
c. Understanddefinitionsofshells,subshells,orbitals,andelectrons,andhowthey
areorganized.
d. Understandthatbiggertheshellnumberàhighertheenergyandbiggerthe
sizeofshell.
e. Befamiliarwithgeneralshapesofs,p,anddorbitals.
f. Knowthenumberoforbitalsineachtypeofsubshell(s,p,d,fsubshells),and
thatamaximumoftwoelectronscanbeineachorbital.
7. Electronconfigurationsandorbitaldiagrams:
g. Knowhowtowritebothfullandcondensedelectronconfigurationsforatoms
andionsofmaingroupelementsandsometransitionmetalelements,usingthe
periodictableasaguide.
h. Knowhowtodraworbitaldiagrams.
i. Usingorbitaldiagrams,determinehowmanyunpairedelectronsarepresentfor
agivenelement.
j. Statethenumberofvalenceelectrons(electronsinvolvedinbonding,electrons
inhighestshellnumberformaingroupelements).Formaingroupelements,
groupnumber=#ofvalenceelectrons.
k. Drawelectrondotsymbol(Lewissymbol)foratomsandions.
SomeSampleProblems
1. Writethecompleteisotopesymbolfortheisotopewithatomicnumberof8,and9
neutrons.
2. Labeleachelementbelowastransitionmetal,maingroupmetal,halogen,noblegas,
nonmetal(morethanonedescriptionmayapplyforeachelement):
a)K b)Mg
c)Mo d)P e)S
f)I
g)Ar
3. Basicatomicstructure:a)Whatarethechargesofelectron,neutron,andproton?b)
Whichoftheabovesubatomicparticlesdeterminesthesizeoftheatom?c)Whichof
theabovesubatomicparticlesdeterminethemassoftheatom?
4. Whydoatomsemitdiscretewavelengthsoflightevenwhentheentirevisiblespectrum
oflightisshinedonthem?
5. Accordingtothequantummechanicalmode,whatisanorbital?Whatdoesthemodel
sayabouthowtheelectronsmove?
6. a)Howdothe2s,2p,and2dorbitalsdiffer?b)Howdo2sand3sorbitalsdiffer?c)How
manyorbitalsareindsubshell?
7. WritethecompleteelectronconfigurationanddraworbitaldiagramforNi.
8. a)Forthemaingroupelements,whatdoesthegroupnumberontheperiodictable
indicate?b)Theperiodnumber?
Kim-Chem30ASP17
9. Drawelectrondot(Lewis)symbolforSe.
Chpt3.IonicCompounds 1. Understandionicbondandformulaunit.
2. Understandions:cations,anions.
3. Writeandinterpretionsymbols(numberofprotons,electrons).
4. Knowtrendsinionizationenergyandelectronaffinityandwhattheyare,howthey
affectatom’stendencytoloseorgainelectrons.(Electronegativity:increasesgoing
acrossperiodàhardertopulloffelectron,decreasesgoingdowngroupàeasierto
pulloffelectrons.Electronaffinity:increasesgoingacrossperiodàeasiertoadd
electron.)
5. Knowthatmetalstendtoloseelectronsandnonmetalstendtogainelectrons.
6. Metalelement+nonmetalelementàioniccompounds
7. Understandoctetrule(duetruleforhydrogen).
8. Knowhowmanyelectronsanatommustlose/gaintoformanionwithnoblegas(octet)
configuration.
9. Naming<-->WritingFormulasofCompounds
a. Knowrulesfornamingandwritingformulasforioniccompounds.
b. Memorizethefollowing!:Commonfixedchargesofionsofdifferentelements
basedonthegroupnumber,commonpolyatomicions,andcommonacids
(Seenomenclaturehandout).Recognizevariable-chargeions(mostly
transitionmetals).
c. Knowacompoundmusthaveanoverallchargeof0.
10. Recognizeacids(hasH)andbases(hasOH)fromchemicalformulas.
SomeSampleProblems
10. WhatisthenumberofelectronsinBa2+?
11. Labeleachelementbelowascommonlyformingionsofcharge+1,+2,+3,-3,-2,-1,or0.
a)K b)Mg
c)N d)O e)S
f)I
g)Ar
12. Writethenameofthefollowingcompounds:a)CuCl2
b)Ca(NO3)2
13. Writetheformulasforthefollowingcompounds:
a)sodiumnitride b)potassiumsulfatec)ironbromide
Kim-Chem30ASP17