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What is a Rock? Naturally occurring solid that is made up of minerals or mineral like matter. What is the difference between a rock and a mineral? Rocks are made up of ONE or MORE minerals. What is a Rock? Rocks are divided into 3 groups based on how they were formed: IGNEOUS SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC Once a rock is formed, does it stay the same rock forever? NO! Formed from the cooling of either magma or lava The most abundant type of rock Formed from sediments (rock fragments, mineral grains, animal & plant remains) that are pressed or cemented togther Sedimentary rocks. rocks are fossil-carrying The heavy sediments press down on the layers beneath (compaction) Dissolved minerals flow between the particles and cement them together (cementation) Water or wind breaks down and deposits sediment (erosion & deposition) Rocks that have changed due to intense temperature and pressure Igneous, sedimentary and other metamorphic rocks can change to become metamorphic rocks What occurs in the Earth to change these rocks? Pressure from overlying rock layers High heat, but not enough to melt the rock Rocks may be flattened or bent or atoms may be exchanged to form new minerals. Rock Cycle Important Vocabulary Deposition: settling of things on the bottom Metamorphism: altering something in composition, texture, or structure Cementation: hardening, binding substances Solidification: process of something becoming a solid Rock and Mineral Classification: Texture, Luster, Hardness Texture (of rock): Size and shape of mineral grains Luster (of minerals): How light reflects: ex) dull, waxy, greasy, pearly, silky, glassy, diamond-like, metallic Other: Colors, hardness, transparency etc.