Download AP Unit IVB - Mater Academy Lakes High School

AP Psych Unit 4 Test
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. Feature detectors
a. are nerve cells in the brain's visual cortex that fire in response to specific edges,
b.
c.
d.
e.
lines, and angles.
combine to form the optic nerve, which sends visual information to the brain.
are retinal cells that allow you to see in dim light and are located in the periphery
of the eye.
are primarily located in the fovea.
cause the lens to change its curvature in response to incoming light waves.
____
2. The biopsychosocial approach to pain is likely to emphasize the importance of both
a. top-down and bottom-up processing.
b. frequency and place theories.
c. telepathy and clairvoyance.
d. opponent and process theories.
e. kinesthesis and psychokinesis.
____
3. Why do people who have lost all hearing in one ear have difficulty locating sounds?
a. The ears transform the vibrating air into nerve impulses, which our brain decodes.
b. Long sound waves have low frequency, therefore lower pitch.
c. Sound waves strike one ear sooner and more intensely than the other.
d. Because if the eardrum is punctured, the ear's ability to conduct vibrations
diminishes.
e. A soft, pure tone activates only a few hair cells attuned to its frequency.
____
4. Sound wave vibrations are transmitted by three tiny bones located in the
a. semicircular canals.
b. cochlea.
c. middle ear.
d. inner ear.
e. vestibular sacs.
____
5. If an adult develops cataracts, his or her
a. difference threshold for light is likely to remain unchanged.
b. absolute threshold for light is likely to increase.
c. absolute threshold for light is likely to decrease.
d. difference threshold for light is likely to decrease.
e. absolute threshold for light is likely to remain the same.
____
6. Which theory suggests that large-fiber activity in the spinal cord can prevent pain signals from
reaching the brain?
a. signal detection theory
b. opponent-process theory
c. parallel processing
d. gate-control theory
e. frequency theory
____
7. When Jason briefly turned to summon the waiter, his wife quickly switched her glass of red wine
with his glass of white wine. Jason's failure to notice that his chosen wine had been replaced best
illustrates
a. change blindness.
b. figure-ground.
c. parallel processing.
d. sensory interaction.
e. place theory.
____
8. Although Sue Yen sees her chemistry teacher several times a week, she didn't recognize the teacher
when she saw her in the grocery store. This best illustrates the importance of
a. perceptual adaptation.
b. proximity.
c. linear perspective.
d. monocular cues.
e. context effects.
____
9. The philosopher John Locke believed that people
a. learn to perceive the world through experience.
b. are unable to adapt to an inverted visual world.
c. are endowed at birth with perceptual skills.
d. experience the whole as different from the sum of its parts.
e. are born with the ability to perceptually adapt.
____ 10. Although Manuel was sitting right next to his parents, he smelled a skunk minutes before they did.
Apparently, Manuel has a lower ________ for skunk odor than his parents have.
a. tolerance level
b. absolute threshold
c. accommodation level
d. olfactory saturation level
e. adaptation level
____ 11. When you are expecting an incoming text message, you are much more likely to notice it the second
it arrives. This best illustrates
a. absolute thresholds.
b. difference thresholds.
c. Weber's law.
d. priming.
e. signal detection theory.
____ 12. An exhausted forest ranger may notice the faintest scent of a forest fire, whereas much stronger but
less important odors fail to catch her attention. This fact would be of greatest relevance to
a. place theory.
b. signal detection theory.
c. frequency theory.
d. opponent-process theory.
e. the Young-Helmholtz theory.
____ 13. The adjustable opening in the center of the eye is the
a. iris.
b. cornea.
c. pupil.
d. fovea.
e. blind spot.
____ 14. Interposition is a cue for depth perception in which closer objects
a. create larger retinal images than do distant objects.
b. obstruct our view of distant objects.
c. reflect light to one eye more quickly than the other.
d. reflect more light to our eyes than do distant objects.
e. appear lower in the horizontal plane than do distant objects.
____ 15. Intensity is to brightness as wavelength is to
a. frequency.
b. amplitude.
c. disparity.
d. hue.
e. accommodation.
____ 16. Our experience of pain may be intensified when we perceive that others are experiencing pain. This
best illustrates the importance of
a. top-down processing.
b. accommodation.
c. sensory adaptation.
d. difference thresholds.
e. kinesthesis.
____ 17. Current research suggests that
a. both the trichromatic and opponent-process theories are valid in explaining color
vision.
b. both the Young-Helmholtz and the opponent-process theories are wrong in
explaining color vision.
c. frequency theory shows promise in explaining how we experience color vision.
d. opponent-process theory is the most comprehensive theory for explaining color
vision.
e. the Young-Helmholtz theory best explains how we experience color.
____ 18. The perceptual tendency to group together stimuli that are near each other is called
a. closure.
b. disparity.
c. perceptual set.
d. interposition.
e. proximity.
____ 19. As a door opens, it casts an increasingly trapezoidal shape on our retinas; however, we still perceive
it as rectangular. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?
a. figure and ground
b. shape constancy
c. perceptual adaptation
d. retinal disparity
e. phi phenomenon
____ 20. Researchers found that 40 percent of people focused on repeating a list of challenging words failed
to notice a change in the person speaking. This best illustrates
a. priming.
b. feature detectors.
c. change deafness.
d. the blind spot.
e. the difference threshold.
____ 21. A cochlear implant would be most helpful for those who suffer
a. loss of balance.
b. sensorineural hearing loss.
c. conduction hearing loss.
d. kinesthesis.
e. loss of movement.
____ 22. The pop-out phenomenon illustrates that some stimuli almost inevitably trigger
a. transduction.
b. priming.
c. selective inattention.
d. difference threshold.
e. sensory adaptation.
____ 23. The axons of ganglion cells converge to form
a. bipolar cells.
b. the auditory nerve.
c. the optic nerve.
d. the olfactory epithelium.
e. the basilar membrane.
____ 24. If the just-noticeable difference for a 10-ounce weight is 1 ounce, the just noticeable difference for
an 80-ounce weight would be ________ ounce(s).
a. 10
b. 1
c. 8
d. 2
e. 4
____ 25. Audiotapes of soothing ocean sounds accompanied by faint and imperceptible verbal messages
designed to increase a desire to lose weight best illustrate
a. synaesthesia.
b.
c.
d.
e.
sensory interaction.
parallel processing.
difference thresholds.
subliminal stimulation.
____ 26. During the months when there is a large amount of pollen in the air, your hay fever severely affects
your sense of smell. At the same time your food all seems to taste the same. This illustrates the
importance of
a. accommodation.
b. sensory adaptation.
c. sensory interaction.
d. serial processing.
e. kinesthesis.
____ 27. The coiled, fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses is called the
a. eustachian tube.
b. semicircular canal.
c. cochlea.
d. vestibular apparatus.
e. auditory canal.
____ 28. As your teacher dims the lights to show a movie clip, you still perceive your friend's shirt as red.
Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?
a. perceptual set
b. color constancy
c. perceptual adaptation
d. lightness constancy
e. context effects
____ 29. As you look at an apple, its reflected light travels to the eye. The rods and cones absorb the light
and help transmit the information to the brain. This process best illustrates
a. selective attention.
b. perception.
c. psychophysics.
d. sensation.
e. top-down processing.
____ 30. Which theory can best explain why people respond differently to the same stimuli?
a. signal detection theory
b. the Young-Helmholtz theory
c. bottom-up theory
d. opponent-process theory
e. frequency theory
____ 31. Complete sensation in the absence of complete perception is best illustrated by
a. Weber's law.
b. sensory interaction.
c. prosopagnosia.
d. color constancy.
e. conduction deafness.
____ 32. Who emphasized that the whole may exceed the sum of its parts?
a. evolutionary psychologists
b. behaviorists
c. parapsychologists
d. Gestalt psychologists
e. psychoanalysts
____ 33. Kinesthesis refers to the
a. quivering eye movements that enable the retina to detect continuous stimulation.
b. process by which stimulus energies are changed into neural signals.
c. system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts.
d. diminished sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus.
e. process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.
____ 34. Which of the following sensory receptors detect hurtful temperatures, pressure, or chemicals?
a. nociceptors
b. olfactory
c. hair cells
d. bipolar
e. ganglion
____ 35. Objects are brought into focus on the retina by changes in the curvature and thickness of the
a. rods and cones.
b. optic nerve.
c. cornea.
d. bipolar cells.
e. lens.
____ 36. Bottom-up processing involves analysis that begins with the
a. cerebral cortex.
b. optic nerve.
c. feature detectors.
d. sensory receptors.
e. occipital lobe.
____ 37. Giulio's bag of marbles is twice as heavy as Jim's. If it takes 5 extra marbles to make Jim's bag feel
heavier, it will take 10 extra marbles to make Giulio's bag feel heavier. This best illustrates
a. Weber's law.
b. accommodation.
c. the opponent-process theory.
d. the McGurk effect.
e. sensory adaptation.
____ 38. The Ames illusion involving two girls who are perceived as very different in size can best be
explained in terms of
a. shape constancy.
b.
c.
d.
e.
the misperception of distance.
the principle of continuity.
retinal disparity.
the visual cliff.
____ 39. Distant trees were located closer to the top of the artist's canvas than were the nearby flowers. The
artist was clearly using the distance cue known as
a. relative size.
b. light and shadow.
c. interposition.
d. relative height.
e. linear perspective.
____ 40. Color constancy refers to the fact that
a. objects are perceived to be the same color even if the light they reflect changes.
b. the frequency of light waves is directly proportional to the light's wavelength.
c. colors remain the same hue even when the tint changes under our difference
threshold.
d. light waves reflected by an object remain constant despite changes in lighting.
e. the perceived color of an object has a constant relation to its brightness.
____ 41. The simultaneous stimulation of adjacent cold and warmth spots on the skin produces the sensation
of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
hot.
pain.
wetness.
pressure.
cold.
____ 42. When informed that a brief imperceptible message would be flashed repeatedly during a popular TV
program, many viewers reported feeling strangely hungry or thirsty during the show. Since the
imperceptible message had nothing to do with hunger or thirst, viewers' strange reactions best
illustrate
a. a placebo effect.
b. sensory adaptation.
c. the volley principle.
d. accommodation.
e. the McGurk effect.
____ 43. Shauna claims that she knows at any given moment exactly what important political figures are
thinking. Shauna is claiming to possess the power of
a. precognition.
b. telepathy.
c. clairvoyance.
d. transduction.
e. psychokinesis.
____ 44. According to frequency theory
a. the rate at which impulses travel up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of
the tone being heard.
b. high-frequency sounds trigger a wave of activity that peaks near the beginning of
the basilar membrane.
c. we hear different pitches because different sound waves cause different parts of the
nerve cells in the cochlea to fire.
d. most sound waves are a complex mixture of many frequencies.
e. frequent or prolonged stimulation of a sensory receptor causes that receptor to
become less sensitive.
____ 45. The ability to pay attention to only one voice at a time is called
a. sensory interaction.
b. the cocktail party effect.
c. change blindness.
d. frequency.
e. gestalt.
____ 46. Margo insists that her dreams frequently enable her to perceive and predict future events. Margo is
claiming to possess the power of
a. telepathy.
b. precognition.
c. clairvoyance.
d. psychokinesis.
e. transduction.
____ 47. The amplitude of electromagnetic waves determines the ________ of light.
a. difference threshold
b. wavelength
c. absolute threshold
d. hue
e. brightness
____ 48. Although textbooks frequently cast a trapezoidal image on the retina, students typically perceive the
books as rectangular objects. This illustrates the importance of
a. interposition.
b. shape constancy.
c. linear perspective.
d. size constancy.
e. binocular cues.
____ 49. According to the gate-control theory, a back massage would most likely reduce your physical aches
and pains by causing
a. the release of adrenaline into your bloodstream.
b. release of pain-killing endorphins in your muscles.
c. the cochlea to transduce impulses sent to the spinal cord.
d. activation of nerve fibers in your spinal cord.
e. deactivation of the pain receptors on the surface of your skin.
____ 50. If we could stop our eyes from quivering as we stared at a stationary object, the object would
probably
a. vanish from sight.
b. appear to change colors.
c. stimulate feature detector cells located in the retina.
d. appear to move from side to side.
e. appear more brilliantly colored.