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CHAPTER 4 STUDY GUIDE Name: ________________________________ * Be sure to abide by the guidelines outlined on the Chapter 1 Study Guide. Sensory Transduction: Explain the basic principles and related concepts associated with each of the following: Absolute threshold Just noticeable/difference threshold Signal detection theory Sensory adaptation Sensory Processes: for each of the following describe the specific nature of energy transduction (turning physical stimuli into a psychological perception), identify the relevant anatomical structures, and detail the specialized brain pathways Vision (light amplitude/wavelength/purity, pupil/lens (accommodation)/retina/optic nerve (blind spot), rods, cones, and fovea, visual pathway to the brain (see Huber/Wiesel below for feature detectors and processing), trichromatic/opponent process theories, afterimages) Hearing (sound amplitude/frequency/purity), hertz/decibels, external/middle/inner ear, eardrum, cochlea, basilar membrane/hair cells, pathway/destination, place/frequency theories) Taste/Gustatory system (physical stimuli, taste buds, pathway) Smell/Olfactory system (physical stimuli, olfactory cilia, pathway (what is unique?)) Touch/pain (physical stimuli, pathway/destination (touch), pain receptors, pain subjectivity, gatecontrol theory Kinesthesis/vestibular (semicircular canals/cerebellum) Sensory Disorders: describe the cause and symptoms of the following: Nearsightedness Farsightedness Visual agnosia Prosopagnosia Colorblindness Sensorineural/conduction hearing loss Visual Perceptual Processes: understand the underlying principles for each of the following: Perceptual set Inattentional/change blindness Top-down/bottom-up processing Gestalt psychology and principles (phi phenomenon, figure/ground, proximity, closure, similarity, continuity) Perceptual hypotheses and context Binocular depth cues Monocular (pictorial) depth cues (linear perspective/texture gradient/interposition/relative size/height in plane/light and shadow, cultural differences) Perceptual (size, color, shape) constancy Visual illusions (Muller-Lyer, Ames rooms, cultural differences) Important People: summarize the main ideas from the chapter associated with each of the following: Gustav Fechner David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel (feature detectors) Ernst Weber (Weber’s Law)