Download Test

Unit 5. Sensation and Perception
1. The effect of past experience and current
expectations on perception best illustrates the
importance of
a. accommodation.
b. transduction.
c. sensory thresholds.
d. top-down processing.
2. The absolute threshold is the minimum amount of
stimulation that a person needs to detect a stimulus:
a. at the beginning of a sensory experience.
b. on a subliminal level.
c. 50 percent of the time.
d. reliably on any occasion.
3. An exhausted forest ranger may notice the faintest
scent of a forest fire, whereas much stronger but less
important odors fail to catch her attention. This fact
would be of greatest relevance to:
a. the Young-Helmholtz theory.
b. opponent-process theory.
c. signal detection theory.
d. frequency theory.
e. place theory.
4. Soothing musical audiotapes accompanied by faint
and imperceptible verbal messages designed to
increase a desire to lose weight best illustrate:
a. kinesthesis.
b. sensory interaction.
c. subliminal stimulation.
d. parallel processing.
e. difference thresholds.
5. Some people are better than others at detecting
slight variations in the taste of various blends of coffee.
This best illustrates the importance of
a. sensory adaptation.
b. subliminal stimulation.
c. difference thresholds.
d. parallel processing.
e. the vestibular sense.
6. Weber's law is relevant to an understanding of
a. absolute thresholds.
b. difference thresholds.
c. sensory adaptation.
d. sensory interaction.
e. all of the above.
Name________________________________
7. Green light is ______________ in wavelength than
_____________ light.
a. longer; yellow
b. shorter; blue
c. longer; orange
d. shorter; red
8. The process by which the lens changes shape so as
to focus the image of an object on the retina is called:
a. adaptation.
b. accommodation.
c. transduction.
d. feature detection.
9. As people grow older, they are most likely to need
glasses because:
a. the iris loses its ability to contract the pupil.
b. the blind spot increases in diameter.
c. the lens loses its ability to change shape readily.
d. the feature detectors progressively decrease in
number.
e. the cornea loses much of its transparency.
10. The receptor cells that convert light energy into
neural signals are called:
a. bipolar cells.
b. ganglion cells.
c. rods and cones.
d. feature detectors.
11. The area of the retina where the optic nerve leaves
the eye is called the:
a. blind spot.
b. pupil.
c. visual cortex.
d. cornea.
e. lens.
12. Compared to rods, cones are ______________
sensitive to dim light and ______________sensitive to
detail.
a. more; more
b. less; less
c. more; less
d. less; more
13. When you look at a vertical line, you are probably
activating different ______________ than when you
look at a horizontal line.
a. feature detectors
b. opponent processes
c. sensory thresholds
d. hair cells
14. The ability to simultaneously recognize the color,
shape, size, and speed of an oncoming automobile best
illustrates:
a. kinesthesis.
b. sensory interaction.
c. parallel processing.
d. subliminal perception.
e. accommodation.
15. The ability to process information automatically and
without conscious awareness of doing so is best
illustrated by:
a. blindsight.
b. sensory adaptation.
c. serial processing.
d. sensory interaction.
16. According to the Young-Helmholtz theory:
a. the retina contains three kinds of color receptors.
b. color vision depends on pairs of opposing retinal
processes.
c. the size of the difference threshold is proportional
to the intensity of the stimulus.
d. certain nerve cells in the brain respond to specific
features of a stimulus.
17. Experiencing a green afterimage of a red object is
most easily explained by:
a. the opponent-process theory.
b. the gate-control theory.
c. place theory.
d. the Young-Helmholtz theory.
e. frequency theory.
18. The phenomenon of color constancy best
demonstrates that:
a. an object's perceived color is influenced by its
surrounding objects.
b. the retina has three types of color receptors.
c. the brain processes information about color and
shape simultaneously.
d. quivering eye movements help to maintain the
perception of color.
e. color vision depends on pairs of opposing retinal
processes.
19. The coiled, fluid-filled tube in which sound waves
trigger nerve impulses is called the:
a. eustachian tube.
b. auditory canal.
c. semicircular canal.
d. cochlea.
e. vestibular apparatus.
20. The mechanical vibrations triggered by sound
waves are transduced into neural impulses by:
a. hair cells.
b. the eardrum.
c. the oval window.
d. the auditory cortex.
e. the vestibular apparatus.
21. The discovery that high-frequency sounds trigger
large vibrations near the beginning of the basilar
membrane supports the ______________ theory.
a. gate-control
b. frequency
c. Young-Helmholtz
d. opponent-process
e. place
22. According to the frequency theory:
a. most sound waves are a complex mixture of many
frequencies.
b. high-frequency sounds trigger a wave of activity that
peaks near the beginning of the basilar membrane.
c. the rate at which impulses travel up the auditory
nerve matches the frequency of the tone being heard.
d. frequent or prolonged stimulation of a sensory
receptor causes that receptor to become less sensitive.
23. Which of the following circumstances is most likely
to contribute to conduction hearing loss?
a. failure to use earplugs while working in a noisy
factory
b. exposure to very loud rock music
c. misuse of Q-tips (cotton swabs) in cleaning your ears
d. exposure to unpredictable or uncontrollable noise
24. The importance of central nervous system activity
for the experience of pain is best highlighted by:
a. Weber's law.
b. frequency theory.
c. phantom limb sensations.
d. the opponent-process theory.
25. On the day she is to be interviewed for an
important new position, Rachel awakens with a severe
toothache. During the interview she feels no pain; not
until 30 minutes later does she become aware again of
the troublesome toothache. Rachel's experience is best
explained by:
a. the opponent-process theory.
b. Weber's law.
c. the gate-control theory.
d. the Young-Helmholtz theory.
e. frequency theory.
26. Areas of the brain involved in memory are located
most closely to areas of the brain responsible for our
sense of
a. touch.
b. smell.
c. vision.
d. hearing.
27. With her eyes closed, Sandra can accurately touch
her mouth, nose, and chin with her index finger.
Sandra's accuracy illustrates the importance of
a. accommodation.
b. kinesthesis.
c. sensory interaction.
d. sensory adaptation.
e. feature detectors.
28. Receptor cells for the vestibular sense are located
in the:
a. fovea.
b. inner ear.
c. muscles and joints.
d. olfactory epithelium.
29. Because she was listening to the news on the radio,
Mrs. Schultz didn't perceive a word of what her
husband was saying. Her experience best illustrates:
a. perceptual adaptation.
b. perceptual constancy.
c. relative clarity.
d. the phi phenomenon.
e. selective attention.
30. Visual capture refers to the tendency for:
a. attention to be captured by novel or threatening
stimuli in the visual field.
b. visual deprivation early in life to limit later ability to
perceive visual information
c. visual information to dominate other types of sensory
information.
d. people and other animals to have difficulty adjusting
to lenses that displace their visual world.
31. Which of the following concepts best illustrates the
perspective of Gestalt psychologists?
a. extrasensory perception
b. retinal disparity
c. visual capture
d. convergence
e. closure
32. Although several students in the classroom are
talking loudly, Jim's attention is focused only on
what his girlfriend is saying. In this instance, the
girlfriend's voice is a:
a. figure.
b. gestalt.
c. perceptual set.
d. perceptual adaptation.
33. People are more likely to perceive a figure and
ground illustration as reversible if they are told it is
reversible. This best illustrates the importance of
a. visual capture.
b. retinal disparity.
c. perceptual adaptation.
d. perceptual constancy.
e. top-down processing.
34. Almost half the birds in the yard were brown
cardinals and the rest were bright red cardinals, so
Jimmy perceived them as two distinct kinds of birds.
This best illustrates the principle of
a. proximity.
b. closure.
c. similarity.
d. connectedness.
e. relative clarity.
35. The tendency to see all the spokes in a bicycle
wheel as part of a single unit best illustrates the
principle of.
a. closure.
b. continuity.
c. convergence.
d. connectedness.
e. interposition.
36. The tendency to see complete letters on a neon
sign, even though some of the bulbs are out, illustrates
the principle of
a. closure.
b. convergence.
c. similarity.
d. constancy.
e. connectedness.
37. Which of the following is a binocular cue for the
perception of distance?
a. relative size
b. retinal disparity
c. relative motion
d. linear perspective
38. Renny knew the red tulip was closer to her than the
yellow tulip because the red one cast a larger retinal
image than the yellow one. This illustrates the
importance of the distance cue known as:
a. relative size.
b. interposition.
c. proximity.
d. linear perspective.
39. In order to give greater depth to his painting,
Shakir enveloped the background landscape in a misty
haze. Shakir was making use of the distance cue known
as:
a. relative clarity.
b. interposition.
c. closure.
d. proximity.
40. The individual boulders and crevices of the huge
and clearly visible mountain peak appeared so indistinct
to the hikers that they knew it would take them
another full day to reach it. This best illustrates the
impact of ______________ on distance perception.
a. interposition
b. continuity
c. retinal disparity
d. linear perspective
e. texture gradient
41. The apparent narrowing of a river as it flows
directly away from you into the distance best illustrates
the depth cue known as:
a. interposition.
b. convergence.
c. relative motion.
d. continuity
e. linear perspective.
42. The perception that (in a cartoon) Bugs Bunny is
hopping across the movie screen best illustrates:
a. visual capture.
b. retinal disparity.
c. perceptual adaptation.
d. the Ponzo illusion.
e. stroboscopic movement.
43. As Sherod walked away from the camera, the
image of his body filled a smaller area of the television
screen. Nevertheless, viewers did not perceive Sherod
as suddenly shrinking. This illustrates:
a. perceptual adaptation.
b. convergence.
c. size constancy.
d. relative clarity.
e. visual capture.
44. Kittens raised in a visual environment consisting
solely of vertical stripes subsequently had difficulty:
a. seeing vertically oriented objects.
b. seeing horizontally oriented objects.
c. perceiving any figure-ground relationships.
d. doing all of the above.
45. After reading her horoscope in the morning
newspaper, Sabrina readily interpreted numerous
experiences of that day as clear verifications of its
accuracy. This best illustrates the dangers of
a. visual capture.
b. perceptual set.
c. the cocktail party effect.
d. bottom-up processing.
e. relative clarity.
46. Shauna claims that she knows at any given moment
exactly what important political figures are thinking.
Shauna is claiming to possess the power of
a. telepathy.
b. precognition.
c. psychokinesis.
d. clairvoyance.
47. Farouk insists that by intense mental concentration
he can actually influence the mechanically generated
outcomes of slot machines. Farouk is most specifically
claiming to possess the power of
a. telepathy.
b. clairvoyance.
c. psychokinesis.
d. precognition.
48. The ganzfeld procedure has recently been used in
studies of
a. perceptual adaptation.
b. depth perception.
c. the phi phenomenon.
d. perceptual set.
e. telepathy.
49. Which of the following is a monocular depth cue?
a. relative size
b. convergence
c. retinal disparity
d. all of the above are monocular depth cues.
50. In the absence of perceptual constancy:
a. objects would appear to change size as their
distance from us changed.
b. depth perception would be based exclusively on
monocular cues.
c. depth perception would be based exclusively on
binocular cues.
d. depth perception would be impossible.
51. Which of the following statements best describes
the effects of sensory restriction?
a. It produces functional blindness when experienced
for any length of time at any age.
b. It has greater effects on humans than on animals.
c. It has more damaging effects when experienced
during infancy.
d. It has greater effects on adults than on children.
52. Dr. Frankenstein has forgotten to give his monster
an important part; as a result, the monster cannot
transduce sound. Dr. Frankenstein omitted the:
a. eardrum.
b. middle ear.
c. semicircular canals.
d. basilar membrane.
53. Which of the following is the correct order of the
structures through which light passes after entering the
eye?
a. lens, pupil, cornea, retina
b. pupil, cornea, lens, retina
c. pupil, lens, cornea, retina
d. cornea, retina, pupil, lens
e. cornea, pupil, lens, retina
56. Which of the following explains why a rose appears
equally red in bright and dim light?
a. the Young-Helmholtz theory
b. the opponent-process theory
c. feature detection
d. color constancy
57. The brain breaks vision into separate dimensions
such as color, depth, movement, and for, and works on
each aspect simultaneously. This is called:
a. feature detection
b. parallel processing.
c. accommodation
d. opponent processing.
54. Hubel and Wiesel discovered feature detectors in
the _________ of a monkey’s visual system.
a. fovea
b. optic nerve
c. iris
d. cortex
e. retina
58. Assuming that the visual systems of humans and
other mammals function similarly, you would expect
that the retina of a nocturnal mammal (one active only
at night) would contain:
a. mostly cones
b. mostly rods
c. an equal number of rods and cones.
d. more bipolar cells than an animal active only during
the day.
55. The process by which sensory information is
converted into neural energy is
a. sensory adaptation
b. feature detection
c. signal detection
d. transduction
e. parallel processing.
59. Which of the following is not a monocular depth
cue?
a. texture gradient
b. relative height
c. retinal disparity
d. interposition
e. relative clarity
60. The correct sequence that the sound waves take as
they travel through the ear is:
a. auditory canal, eardrum, ossicles, oval window,
cochlea
b. eardrum, oval window, auditory canal, ossicles,
cochlea
c. oval window, cochlea, auditory canal, ossicles,
eardrum
d. auditory canal, ossicles, oval window, eardrum,
cochlea