Download AP Unit IVA - Mater Academy Lakes High School

AP Psych Unit 4 Test
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. An exhausted forest ranger may notice the faintest scent of a forest fire, whereas much stronger but
less important odors fail to catch her attention. This fact would be of greatest relevance to
a. the Young-Helmholtz theory.
b. opponent-process theory.
c. signal detection theory.
d. frequency theory.
e. place theory.
____
2. Who emphasized that the whole may exceed the sum of its parts?
a. evolutionary psychologists
b. parapsychologists
c. behaviorists
d. Gestalt psychologists
e. psychoanalysts
____
3. Bottom-up processing involves analysis that begins with the
a. optic nerve.
b. sensory receptors.
c. cerebral cortex.
d. feature detectors.
e. occipital lobe.
____
4. Although textbooks frequently cast a trapezoidal image on the retina, students typically perceive the
books as rectangular objects. This illustrates the importance of
a. interposition.
b. size constancy.
c. linear perspective.
d. shape constancy.
e. binocular cues.
____
5. If the just-noticeable difference for a 10-ounce weight is 1 ounce, the just noticeable difference for
an 80-ounce weight would be ________ ounce(s).
a. 1
b. 2
c. 4
d. 8
e. 10
____
6. The pop-out phenomenon illustrates that some stimuli almost inevitably trigger
a. sensory adaptation.
b. transduction.
c. selective inattention.
d. priming.
e. difference threshold.
____
7. Feature detectors
a. are retinal cells that allow you to see in dim light and are located in the periphery
of the eye.
b. combine to form the optic nerve, which sends visual information to the brain.
c. are primarily located in the fovea.
d. are nerve cells in the brain's visual cortex that fire in response to specific edges,
lines, and angles.
e. cause the lens to change its curvature in response to incoming light waves.
____
8. Complete sensation in the absence of complete perception is best illustrated by
a. Weber's law.
b. prosopagnosia.
c. conduction deafness.
d. color constancy.
e. sensory interaction.
____
9. The Ames illusion involving two girls who are perceived as very different in size can best be
explained in terms of
a. shape constancy.
b. retinal disparity.
c. the principle of continuity.
d. the misperception of distance.
e. the visual cliff.
____ 10. As you look at an apple, its reflected light travels to the eye. The rods and cones absorb the light
and help transmit the information to the brain. This process best illustrates
a. sensation.
b. top-down processing.
c. perception.
d. selective attention.
e. psychophysics.
____ 11. The ability to pay attention to only one voice at a time is called
a. gestalt.
b. change blindness.
c. frequency.
d. the cocktail party effect.
e. sensory interaction.
____ 12. If we could stop our eyes from quivering as we stared at a stationary object, the object would
probably
a. vanish from sight.
b. stimulate feature detector cells located in the retina.
c. appear more brilliantly colored.
d. appear to change colors.
e. appear to move from side to side.
____ 13. According to frequency theory
a. most sound waves are a complex mixture of many frequencies.
b. high-frequency sounds trigger a wave of activity that peaks near the beginning of
the basilar membrane.
c. the rate at which impulses travel up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of
the tone being heard.
d. frequent or prolonged stimulation of a sensory receptor causes that receptor to
become less sensitive.
e. we hear different pitches because different sound waves cause different parts of the
nerve cells in the cochlea to fire.
____ 14. Intensity is to brightness as wavelength is to
a. accommodation.
b. frequency.
c. amplitude.
d. hue.
e. disparity.
____ 15. Giulio's bag of marbles is twice as heavy as Jim's. If it takes 5 extra marbles to make Jim's bag feel
heavier, it will take 10 extra marbles to make Giulio's bag feel heavier. This best illustrates
a. the opponent-process theory.
b. accommodation.
c. the McGurk effect.
d. sensory adaptation.
e. Weber's law.
____ 16. As a door opens, it casts an increasingly trapezoidal shape on our retinas; however, we still perceive
it as rectangular. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?
a. shape constancy
b. perceptual adaptation
c. phi phenomenon
d. figure and ground
e. retinal disparity
____ 17. Although Sue Yen sees her chemistry teacher several times a week, she didn't recognize the teacher
when she saw her in the grocery store. This best illustrates the importance of
a. monocular cues.
b. context effects.
c. proximity.
d. linear perspective.
e. perceptual adaptation.
____ 18. Although Manuel was sitting right next to his parents, he smelled a skunk minutes before they did.
Apparently, Manuel has a lower ________ for skunk odor than his parents have.
a. accommodation level
b. absolute threshold
c. tolerance level
d. olfactory saturation level
e. adaptation level
____ 19. When you are expecting an incoming text message, you are much more likely to notice it the second
it arrives. This best illustrates
a. priming.
b. signal detection theory.
c. difference thresholds.
d. absolute thresholds.
e. Weber's law.
____ 20. The amplitude of electromagnetic waves determines the ________ of light.
a. absolute threshold
b. brightness
c. hue
d. difference threshold
e. wavelength
____ 21. The adjustable opening in the center of the eye is the
a. fovea.
b. iris.
c. cornea.
d. pupil.
e. blind spot.
____ 22. As your teacher dims the lights to show a movie clip, you still perceive your friend's shirt as red.
Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?
a. lightness constancy
b. perceptual adaptation
c. color constancy
d. context effects
e. perceptual set
____ 23. The simultaneous stimulation of adjacent cold and warmth spots on the skin produces the sensation
of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
hot.
cold.
pressure.
wetness.
pain.
____ 24. If an adult develops cataracts, his or her
a. absolute threshold for light is likely to increase.
b. difference threshold for light is likely to decrease.
c. absolute threshold for light is likely to decrease.
d. difference threshold for light is likely to remain unchanged.
e. absolute threshold for light is likely to remain the same.
____ 25. Objects are brought into focus on the retina by changes in the curvature and thickness of the
a. rods and cones.
b.
c.
d.
e.
lens.
bipolar cells.
optic nerve.
cornea.
____ 26. Sound wave vibrations are transmitted by three tiny bones located in the
a. vestibular sacs.
b. semicircular canals.
c. inner ear.
d. cochlea.
e. middle ear.
____ 27. Researchers found that 40 percent of people focused on repeating a list of challenging words failed
to notice a change in the person speaking. This best illustrates
a. feature detectors.
b. the blind spot.
c. the difference threshold.
d. priming.
e. change deafness.
____ 28. The perceptual tendency to group together stimuli that are near each other is called
a. interposition.
b. perceptual set.
c. proximity.
d. closure.
e. disparity.
____ 29. A cochlear implant would be most helpful for those who suffer
a. loss of movement.
b. loss of balance.
c. conduction hearing loss.
d. sensorineural hearing loss.
e. kinesthesis.
____ 30. During the months when there is a large amount of pollen in the air, your hay fever severely affects
your sense of smell. At the same time your food all seems to taste the same. This illustrates the
importance of
a. accommodation.
b. sensory interaction.
c. kinesthesis.
d. serial processing.
e. sensory adaptation.
____ 31. Audiotapes of soothing ocean sounds accompanied by faint and imperceptible verbal messages
designed to increase a desire to lose weight best illustrate
a. synaesthesia.
b. sensory interaction.
c. subliminal stimulation.
d. parallel processing.
e. difference thresholds.
____ 32. When Jason briefly turned to summon the waiter, his wife quickly switched her glass of red wine
with his glass of white wine. Jason's failure to notice that his chosen wine had been replaced best
illustrates
a. place theory.
b. sensory interaction.
c. change blindness.
d. parallel processing.
e. figure-ground.
____ 33. The axons of ganglion cells converge to form
a. the basilar membrane.
b. bipolar cells.
c. the auditory nerve.
d. the optic nerve.
e. the olfactory epithelium.
____ 34. Interposition is a cue for depth perception in which closer objects
a. create larger retinal images than do distant objects.
b. obstruct our view of distant objects.
c. reflect more light to our eyes than do distant objects.
d. appear lower in the horizontal plane than do distant objects.
e. reflect light to one eye more quickly than the other.
____ 35. Margo insists that her dreams frequently enable her to perceive and predict future events. Margo is
claiming to possess the power of
a. telepathy.
b. clairvoyance.
c. precognition.
d. psychokinesis.
e. transduction.
____ 36. Color constancy refers to the fact that
a. light waves reflected by an object remain constant despite changes in lighting.
b. objects are perceived to be the same color even if the light they reflect changes.
c. the perceived color of an object has a constant relation to its brightness.
d. the frequency of light waves is directly proportional to the light's wavelength.
e. colors remain the same hue even when the tint changes under our difference
threshold.
____ 37. Which of the following sensory receptors detect hurtful temperatures, pressure, or chemicals?
a. bipolar
b. hair cells
c. nociceptors
d. ganglion
e. olfactory
____ 38. Our experience of pain may be intensified when we perceive that others are experiencing pain. This
best illustrates the importance of
a. sensory adaptation.
b. accommodation.
c. top-down processing.
d. kinesthesis.
e. difference thresholds.
____ 39. The coiled, fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses is called the
a. eustachian tube.
b. auditory canal.
c. semicircular canal.
d. cochlea.
e. vestibular apparatus.
____ 40. Current research suggests that
a. the Young-Helmholtz theory best explains how we experience color.
b. opponent-process theory is the most comprehensive theory for explaining color
vision.
c. both the trichromatic and opponent-process theories are valid in explaining color
vision.
d. both the Young-Helmholtz and the opponent-process theories are wrong in
explaining color vision.
e. frequency theory shows promise in explaining how we experience color vision.
____ 41. The philosopher John Locke believed that people
a. learn to perceive the world through experience.
b. are endowed at birth with perceptual skills.
c. experience the whole as different from the sum of its parts.
d. are unable to adapt to an inverted visual world.
e. are born with the ability to perceptually adapt.
____ 42. Kinesthesis refers to the
a. quivering eye movements that enable the retina to detect continuous stimulation.
b. process by which stimulus energies are changed into neural signals.
c. diminished sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus.
d. system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts.
e. process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.
____ 43. Which theory suggests that large-fiber activity in the spinal cord can prevent pain signals from
reaching the brain?
a. signal detection theory
b. opponent-process theory
c. gate-control theory
d. frequency theory
e. parallel processing
____ 44. When informed that a brief imperceptible message would be flashed repeatedly during a popular TV
program, many viewers reported feeling strangely hungry or thirsty during the show. Since the
imperceptible message had nothing to do with hunger or thirst, viewers' strange reactions best
illustrate
a. the McGurk effect.
b. sensory adaptation.
c. the volley principle.
d. a placebo effect.
e. accommodation.
____ 45. Why do people who have lost all hearing in one ear have difficulty locating sounds?
a. Because if the eardrum is punctured, the ear's ability to conduct vibrations
b.
c.
d.
e.
diminishes.
Long sound waves have low frequency, therefore lower pitch.
The ears transform the vibrating air into nerve impulses, which our brain decodes.
Sound waves strike one ear sooner and more intensely than the other.
A soft, pure tone activates only a few hair cells attuned to its frequency.
____ 46. Which theory can best explain why people respond differently to the same stimuli?
a. signal detection theory
b. frequency theory
c. opponent-process theory
d. the Young-Helmholtz theory
e. bottom-up theory
____ 47. Shauna claims that she knows at any given moment exactly what important political figures are
thinking. Shauna is claiming to possess the power of
a. telepathy.
b. precognition.
c. psychokinesis.
d. clairvoyance.
e. transduction.
____ 48. According to the gate-control theory, a back massage would most likely reduce your physical aches
and pains by causing
a. release of pain-killing endorphins in your muscles.
b. activation of nerve fibers in your spinal cord.
c. the release of adrenaline into your bloodstream.
d. deactivation of the pain receptors on the surface of your skin.
e. the cochlea to transduce impulses sent to the spinal cord.
____ 49. Distant trees were located closer to the top of the artist's canvas than were the nearby flowers. The
artist was clearly using the distance cue known as
a. linear perspective.
b. light and shadow.
c. relative height.
d. relative size.
e. interposition.
____ 50. The biopsychosocial approach to pain is likely to emphasize the importance of both
a. top-down and bottom-up processing.
b. frequency and place theories.
c. kinesthesis and psychokinesis.
d. telepathy and clairvoyance.
e. opponent and process theories.