Download Name___________________ Anatomy II Respiration Part I

Name___________________
Anatomy II
Respiration
Part I: Matching
____ 1. Tiny sacs where gases are exchanged
A.
Diaphragm
____ 2. Ridged bones in the nasal cavity that
B.
Lungs
C.
Trachea
D.
Bronchioles
E.
Turbinates
F.
Ribs
G.
Bronchi
H.
Alveoli
I.
Pharynx
J.
Intercostals
K.
Visceral pleura
oral cavities with the trachea
L.
Parietal pleura
____ 9. The sheet of muscle which separates
M.
Goblet cells
the thoracic and abdominal cavities and is used
in breathing
N.
Cilia
O.
Pleurisy
P.
Epiglottis
Q.
Nostrils
R.
Larynx
increase the warming, cleaning and moistening of
incoming air
____ 3. Muscles that raise the ribs
____ 4. Tubes that branch off from the trachea
____ 5. The membrane that surrounds and
touches the lungs
____ 6. The membrane that surrounds but does
not touch the lungs
____ 7. The name of the cells that line the
trachea and produce mucus
____ 8. The tube that connects the nasal and
____10. The structure in which the vocal cords
are found
____11. Tubes which connect the bronchi to the
alveoli
____12. The name of the hairs that help to
clean air as it is inhaled
____13. The condition that results from
inflammation of the pleura
____14. The flap at the top of the trachea that
opens during breathing and closes during
swallowing
Disorders of the Respiratory System
o Sinusitis (sinus infection)
I. Disorders of the Upper Respiratory Tract
(head and neck)
o
The Common Cold
Infection of the cranial sinuses
Nasal congestion blocks sinus openings
• Symptoms include postnasal discharge,
headache, and facial pain
Caused by viruses
• Sneezing, runny nose, mild fever
• Last a few days to a week
Antibiotics are ineffective against viral
infections
o Otis Media (ear ache)
Inflammation of the middle ear
Nasal infections spread to the ear by way of
the Eustachian tubes
Antibiotics are usually an effective treatment
o
Tonsillitis
Inflammation of the tonsils
II. Disorders of the Lower Respiratory Tract
(chest)
o Pharyngitis (sore throat)
Inflammation of the throat caused by viruses,
bacteria or injury
May be caused by Streptococcus pyogenes
(Strep throat)
• Severe sore throat, high fever, white patches
in throat region
o Acute bronchitis
• Infection of the bronchi and/or bronchioles
• Usually it is caused first by a viral infection
and then followed by a secondary bacterial
infection
• Bronchioles are inflamed and constricted
• Mucus production increases in an attempt to
o Laryngitis
Inflammation of the larynx
• Causes hoarseness of voice
• Persistent laryngitis is one warning sign of
cancer
clear the infection
o Chronic bronchitis
• Airways are in a state of constant inflammation
and are always narrowed and filled with mucus
•Bronchi undergo degenerative change including
the loss of cilia
• Smoking or exposure to other air pollution is
the most common cause
o Choking
Obstruction of the trachea
Heimlich maneuver may expel blockage
A tracheostomy may be required - the
insertion of a breathing tube into the trachea
o Emphysema
• The walls of the alveoli become inelastic and
brittle
• Eventually alveoli pop
• A chronic and incurable disease
o Asthma
• Smoking is the major cause of this disease
• The bronchi and bronchioles are super
• Symptoms are shortness of breath and
sensitive to specific irritants called allergens
increased breathing rate
o Symptoms are wheezing, breathlessness,
coughing
o Bronchioles are inflamed and produce excess
mucus
• Incurable but can be treatable with medicines
o Pleurisy
• Inflammation of the pleura
o Symptoms include chest pain and fever
o May result in lung collapse
o Pneumonia
•
Infection with virus, bacterial or mold
•
Bronchioles or alveoli fill with fluid and
become inflamed
•
High fever, chest pain and headache
o Cystic fibrosis (CF)
• Genetic (a defective recessive gene is passed
on by each parent)
• Mucus in the lungs (and elsewhere) becomes
very thick and sticky
• The mucus is hard to cough up and makes a
o Tuberculosis (pulmonary)
• Caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
• Cells build a protective capsule (tubercle)
around the bacteria
• Symptoms include fatigue, fever and coughed
up blood
• High death rate, especially in infants
• This communicable disease can cause mental
illness if not treated
great place to host frequent infections by
bacteria and viruses
o Lung Cancer
• Tumors grow due to the uncontrolled
reproduction of cells, causing thickening and
callusing of bronchi/bronchiole walls
• Caused by smoking (including secondhand
smoke) and other air pollutants
• Cancer cells may break away from the tumor
and move to other parts of the body
III. Other Respiratory Disorders
o Hypoxia
• A state of oxygen deficiency
o The Bends
• May affect scuba divers if they stay under
pressure too long and then rise to the surface
too quickly
• Respiratory gases dissolved in the blood will
come out of solution and cause bubbles
• Dizziness, nausea, muscle and joint pains
• May cause death
• Treatment involves spending time in a
decompression chamber
o Respiratory Acidosis
• When there is insufficient exhalation, too
much Carbon Dioxide is left floating around in
the blood stream, causing the blood to become
• Symptoms are drowsiness and mental fatigue,
sometimes headache or euphoria
o Hyperventilation
• Taking very deep and fast breaths while at
rest
• Results in a lowered Carbon dioxide content of
the blood
o Hiccups
• Misfiring of nerves causes irregular
contractions of the diaphragm, interrupting the
normal rhythm of breathing
• The brain tries to correct this, and tells the
epiglottis to close off the trachea – this causes
acidic (from carbonic acid)
the “hic” sound
• Insufficient exhalation can be a result of
• Things that trigger hiccups include hot liquids,
pneumonia or emphysema
carbonated drinks and uncontrolled laughter
o Respiratory Alkalosis
• If more than the usual amount of carbon
dioxide is exhaled, the blood will become basic
• Hyperventilation can cause this to occur
o Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
• Occurs when you inhale Carbon Monoxide.
• Carbon Monoxide outcompetes oxygen.
• Skin goes blue, lips cherry red. Death will occur
quickly
Part II: Respiratory Disorders Worksheet
16.
This disease results in loss of alveolar
elasticity and caused by smoking
______________
1.
Inflammation of the pleura is called
___________________________
2.
Chemicals in inhaled smoke causes
paralysis of __________________________
3.
Pneumonia can be caused by an infection
with bacteria, viruses or __________
4.
Type of Bronchitis caused by
pollutants_________________
5.
Type of Bronchitis caused by viruses or
bacteria _____________
6.
A state of oxygen deficiency is called
______________
7.
Caused by irregular contractions of the
diaphragm _____________
8.
A communicable disease that could lead
to mental illness ______________________
9.
Something scuba divers could get if they
rise to the surface quickly ______________
10.
Caused by the uncontrolled reproduction
of lung tissues _______________________
11.
A series of rapid exhalations that results
in lowered CO2 levels __________________
12.
Another name for an inflamed larynx
___________________
13.
The condition that results from high
levels of CO2 in the blood
__________________
14.
Antibiotics will kill bacteria but not
________________
15.
Another name for Otis Media
__________________
17.
The bronchi and bronchioles are super
sensitive in this disease _______________
18.
A type of gas that outcompetes oxygen
when inhaled __________________________
19.
Inflammation of the tonsils is called
________________________
20.
Another name for a sore throat is
_____________________________