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Taking Cornell Notes-Review • Jot down key points on the left side of your paper • Take notes on right side of paper • Summarize key points at the bottom of page Greek Theatre Overview Sophocles Antigone Greek Gods Greece • has thousands of inhabited islands and dramatic mountain ranges • a rich culture and history • Democracy was founded in Greece • Patriarchal (male dominated) society • Philosophy, as a practice, began in Greece (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle) Location Greece is located in Europe on the Aegean Sea The Land Overview of Greek Theatre • The land • The stage • The myths The Stage Greek theaters were built on hillisdes with a slight inward slope Seats were built in rows of earth and stone or of wood The Stage Three Main Portions of Greek Theatre: Skene – Painted wall where actors entered and exited Orchestra – “Dancing Place” Place where chorus chanted and danced and where actors performed Theatron – Seating for audience The Stage The Plays • Greek plays were performed during religious ceremonies held in honor of Dionysus, the Greek god of wine and revelry (altars generally on stage) • Banks would shut down for days, people would travel from all around to see the drama competitions—even prisoners were temporarily released to see the plays • Tragedy means “goat song” (relates to Dionysian rituals) The Stage Where and how were the dramas performed? …In amphitheaters …chorus consisted of 15 men who commented on the action of the play and interpreted its meaning in chanted poems or odes …Choragus, the leader or spokesman of the chorus Actors wore Oversized masks with exaggerated features to amplify the sound Oversized costumes and tall shoes with raised soles to aid audience’s viewing …Violent acts were never performed on stage but were communicated through the dialogue of the characters. Major Greek Dramatists Dramatist Born Wrote Aeschylus 524 B.C. Seven Against Thebes Sophoclesfamous playwrightwrote 120 tragedies 496 B.C. Antigone Oedipus Euripides 480 B.C. Medea Sophocles • First competed for the prize in tragedy when he was 27. He won, defeating Aeschylus, then the most famous playwright in Athens. • Had a fortunate life • Born at Colonus to wealthy family • Given traditional education in music, dancing and gymnastics • Only 7 of his plays remain today, but are among the greatest plays ever written. • At his death, he was given the honors of a hero • Credited with having an understanding of human grief and suffering • When Greeks defeated the Persians in 480 B.C., he led the chorus in singing and dancing at the victory celebration. • Active in public life • Served as priest of the god Asclepius • At 83 was appointed to a commission studying a revision of Athens’ constitution Sophocles’ Antigone • Set in Thebes (a city in ancient Greece)-ill fated royal house of Thebes • Antigone is the daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta • Antigone’s brothers, Eteokles and Polyneices, took opposite sides in a war • Eteokles and Polyneices kill each other in battle • Creon, Antigone’s uncle becomes king of Thebes Overview of Greek Theatre • The land • The stage • The myths The Myths – Why they were written 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Explained the unexplainable Justified religious practices Gave credibility to leaders Gave hope Polytheistic (more than one god) Centered around the twelve Olympians (primary Greek gods) Myths played a key role in Greek drama Explained the Unexplainable • When Echo tried to get Narcissus to love her, she was denied. • Saddened, she shriveled to nothing, her existence melting into a rock. • Only her voice remained. • Hence, the echo! To justify religious practices • Dionysian cults in ancient Greece were founded to worship Dionysus, god of grapes, vegetation, and wine. To give credibility to leaders The Romans used myths to create family trees for their leaders, enforcing the madeup idea that the emperors were related to the gods and were, then, demigods. To give hope • The ancient citizens of Greece would sacrifice and pray to an ORACLE. • An oracle was a priest or priestess who would send a message to the gods from mortals who brought their requests. Where DID hope come from? After unleashing suffering, famine, disease, and many other evils, the last thing Pandora let out was HOPE. The Oracle at Delphi Most famous oracle in Greek mythology. Mount Olympus… …Where the Olympians lived. Who are the Olympians? The Olympians Are the 12 Main Gods Temperaments of the Olympians Zeus • King of gods – • Supreme power and ruler • Lord of the sky • Storms • Thunder • lightning Poseidon • Zeus’s brother • Carries 3 pronged spear • King of the sea • Earthquakes • Gave man the horse Hades • Brother to Zeus and Poseidon • God of the Underworld • King of the Dead • Husband of Persphone Ares • God of war • Son of Zeus and Hera • Was not liked anywhere in heaven or earth Hephaestus • • • • God of fire Craftspeople Metalworkers Lame, ugly god was loved everywhere because he was kind and peace loving Apollo • • • • • God of the sun Music Poetry Fine arts Medicine Hermes • Messenger to the gods • Trade • Commerce • Travelers • Thieves & scoundrels Dionysus • Honored by the Greek’s plays • God of Wine • Partying (Revelry) Hera • Queen of gods • Zeus’ wife and sister • Protected marriage and married women Demeter • • • • • Goddess of Harvest Agriculture Fertility Fruitfulness Mom to Persephone Hestia • Goddess of Hearth and Home • Zeus’ sister • Had no distinct personality and played no major part in myths • A candle burned in every Greek city to honor her Athena • Goddess of wisdom • She had no mother and was born from Zeus head; invented the bridle and first to tame the horse; • Her city was Athens • Goddess of civilization, agriculture and handicrafts Aphrodite • Goddess of love and beauty Artemis • Goddess of hunting and the moon. • Lover of the woods and wild things; • Goddess most mixed with both good and evil • Goddess of the Wild Let’s Summarize... •Cornell notes• Key points on left • Notes on right • Summarize on bottom •Greek Drama• Drama of early Greeks began as religious celebrations • Performed with a chorus • Leader of the chorus-choragus • Two types of plays, comedy and tragedy • Actors wore masks, costumes, tall shoes • Antigone is a tragedy • Identify Sophocles-famous playwright • Describe a typical amphitheater- • Sloping, outside, semicircle, arena •What played a key role in Greek drama? Myths This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com Adventures in Literature. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1985. 486. Print. http://lsc.cornell.edu/LSC_Resources/cornellsystem.pdf http://lukebox.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/zeus-greekmythology-687267_1024_768.jpeg http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.