Download Motion and Moon Phases

The Moon
What is the Moon Like
• What is the Moon made
From?
• The Moon is a ball of
grey rock
• It is covered with a
powdery gray soil
• It is 2,160 miles across
• That is almost the size
of the United States
Mountains, Valleys, and Plains
• The surface of the
moon rises with
mountains and falls
with valleys just like
the Earth
• It also has flat plains
• The bright areas of
the moon are hills and
valleys
• The dark areas are
the low flat plains
• Scientists originally
thought the dark
areas were seas or
oceans
• They called them
Seas or Maria
• When men landed on
the moon, they landed
in the Sea of
Tranquility
How Craters Form
• The Moon crater
activity shows how
craters can be made
• A crater is a pit
shaped like a bowl
• There are craters
on Earth
• Meteorites are
pieces of space
material that land
• Craters are formed
when Meteorites
strike the moon
• Meteorites can also
strike the Earth
but usually burn up
before they hit
• They can range in
size from a grain of
sand to larger than
a house
It gets cold without a blanket
• Earth is surrounded
by a blanket of air
called the atmosphere
• This layer of gases
protects the Earth
• It shields us from the
Sun’s harmful rays
and moderates
temperature
• The Moon has no
atmosphere
• The temperature on
the moon ranges from
-279 degrees to 220
degrees
The Sun
• Features
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9/10 is Hydrogen gas
1/10 is Helium gas
Dense core of gasses
Most of the mass of
the sun is in the core
Energy of the sun
comes from changes
in the core
Hydrogen in the core
is changed to Helium
Heat is produced
Light is produced
Structure
• Corona: The hot
outer atmosphere
of the sun
• Can only be seen
from Earth during
an eclipse
• Appears to be a
halo around the
sun
Structure
• Surface is in
constant motion
• Solar Flare: An
eruption on the
surface of the sun
• Sunspot: A dark
region in the
atmosphere of
the sun
Solar Flare
Sunspot
• Cooler than the
surrounding regions
• Number increases
and decreases in an
eleven year cycle
• Some think that the
number of spots
affects the Earth’s
climate
Compared to other stars
• Sun is a star
• Sun is the closest star
to the Earth
• Mid sized star
• Sun is much larger than
Earth
• Sun is 93 million
(93,000,000) miles away
• It takes light 8 minutes
to travel from the sun
to the Earth
• Stars pass through a
life cycle
Motion
• Objects in the Solar
System move or orbit
around the sun
• Orbit: the path on
which an object travels
as it moves around
another object
• A planet’s orbit is the
oval shaped path the
planet travels around
the sun
Motion
• All planets are in
motion
• Revolution: A planet
moving in an orbit
around the sun
• Year: The time it
takes a planet to
complete one orbit
or revolution around
the sun
Motion
• Years are different for
every planet
• Rotation: The turning
of a body on its axis
• Axis: The imaginary
line running from the
North Pole to the
South Pole on which a
planet rotates
• Day: The time it takes
for a body to complete
one rotation
The North Star
• Name is Polaris
• All other stars
spin counter
clockwise
• The end of the
Big Dipper forms
a line that points
to the North Star
Telling Time
• During the day, you
can use the Sun to
tell time
• At 12:00 noon, the
Sun is at its highest
point
• The Earth’s 24 hour
rotation is the basis
for our time during
the day
Telling Time (cont)
• The revolution of the
Earth determines our
365 day year
• The moon revolves
around the Earth
approximately every 27
days
• This makes our week 7
days (4x7=28 which is
close to 27)
• This makes our months
close to that as well (28
or 29, 30, or 31 days)
The Moon
• Earth’s only
natural satellite
• 8 Phases
• Waxing – view of
moon is getting
larger
• Waning – view of
moon is getting
smaller
Phases of the Moon
New Moon
• First phase in the
cycle
• Moon is not visible
Waxing Cresent
• Second Phase
• Right slice is
visible
First Quarter
• Third Phase
• Right half of
moon visible
Waxing Gibbous
• Fourth Phase
• Right ¾ of moon is
visible
Full Moon
• Fifth Phase
• All of moon is
visible
Waning Gibbous
• Sixth Phase
• Left ¾ of moon is
visible
Last Quarter
• Seventh Phase
• Left half of moon
is visible
Waning Cresent
• Eighth Phase
• Left slice of moon
is visible
Eclipses
• Solar Eclipse:
When the moon
casts its shadow
over the Earth
• Moon is between
Earth and the Sun
Solar Eclipse
Eclipses
• Lunar Eclipse:
When the Earth
casts its shadow
over the Moon
• Earth is between
the Sun and Moon
Lunar Eclipse
The Seasons
• Caused by the tilt of
the Earth on its axis
• When the North Pole is
tilted towards the Sun,
it is summer in the
Northern Hemisphere
• When the North Pole is
tilted away from the
sun, it is Winter in the
Northern Hemisphere
• When in transition, it is
either Spring or Fall