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Name: ________________________ Date: _________ Atomic Structure: Subatomic Particles Do Now • What is an atom? • What particles make up an atom? • Where are the particles located? The Nucleus • Using measurements from Rutherford’s experiment, scientists calculated the radius of the nucleus to be less than 1/10,000 of the atom. – If the nucleus were the size of a marble, the atom would be the size of a football stadium The Nucleus • Protons = __________________________________________________ – The charge of a proton was calculated to be equal but opposite to the charge of an electron – The mass of a proton is almost 2000x the mass of an electron • Neutrons = __________________________________ – The mass of a neuron is almost __________ to the mass of a proton • The _________ total of masses of protons, neutrons, and electrons equals the mass of the __________. • Mass of atoms are measured in Atomic Mass Units! 1 amu = 1/12 mass the Carbon-12 Atoms • All living things are made up of tiny units called ATOMS. ATOMS consist of electrons orbiting around a nucleus. • ELECTRONS (___) negative electrical charge found in the space _______ the nucleus • NUCLEUS • PROTON (___) has a positive electrical charge. • NEUTRON has a neutral charge (____ charge) Subatomic Particles Atomic Identity • If the number of electrons ____________ the number of protons, the atom is electrically _______________. (No electrical charge) • Elements differ in their number of protons and therefore in the amount of positive charge their nuclei possess. • The number of protons determines an ____________________________. Atomic Number • Atomic Number (___)= number of _________ of each atom of that element • Atoms of ______________ elements have _________ numbers of protons (_______________ atomic numbers) • Atoms of the ________ element all have the ________ number of protons (__________ atomic numbers) • The atomic number identifies the element • 113 elements have been identified, with 113 different atomic numbers Atomic Number • Because atoms are neutral, they must have the _____________ numbers of protons and electrons. • Therefore, the atomic number tells us how many protons and also how many electrons an atom has. How many PROTONS and ELECTRONS are in: Silver Gold Hydrogen Boron Neon Sodium Tungsten Mass Number • Mass number = the total number of ___________________ (total number of particles in the nucleus) • Mass numbers can vary among atoms of a single element, because atoms of the same element can have ____________________________________. • Different elements can have the same mass numbers, because the mass number does not help you identify the element, the atomic number does! Try this: