Download Unit 10 Student Guided Notes Heart -Introduction Parts of the Heart

Unit 10 Student Guided Notes
Heart -Introduction
Parts of the Heart
Left and Right Atria - ________________________________
 Right: _________________________________________________.
 Left: Collects blood from ______________________________________.
Left and Right Ventricles - ______________
 Right: Sends blood to the _____________ via the Pulmonary Trunk.
 Left: Sends blood to the __________ via the Aorta
Atrioventricular Valves - Valves between the _________________________.
 Prevent _______________________ of blood
 Right hand side "_______________________ cusps, or flaps
 Left hands side "__________________" - two cusps
Chordae Tendineae - Strong, Fibrous strings that support the _________ Valve.
 Keeps the valves from _________________ with the force of blood flow.
Semi-Lunar Valves - Between the ____________________________.
 Between the ventricles and the __________________________.
Pulmonary Trunk - Branches off to form the ______________________________.
 _____________________________ from the right ventricle.
Septum - The wall of the ______________.
 Separates the __________ and _____________ sides of the Heart
Click on the following link for detailed information and video on heart structure/function:
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hhw/contraction.html
Cardiac Cycle and Intrinsic Beat
Contraction of the heart is ____________________
process.
_____________ - Contraction of the Heart
_____________ - Relaxation of the Heart
Each Heartbeat (Cardiac Cycle) Consists of:
TIME
0.15 Sec
0.30 Sec
0.40 Sec
=0.85 Sec
ATRIA
Systole
Diastole
Diastole
VENTRICLES
Diastole
Systole
Diastole
Average rate of 70 beats per min
The __________________ have a _______________________________ contraction
because blood must be pumped throughout the body.
The _________________ sound of the heart is due to the closing of the valves: First the
_______________________________, then the semi-lunar.
The beat of the heart is said to be intrinsic. It will beat ________________________________.
(It can be removed from the body and still continue beating)
The beat is controlled by a special type of tissue called ____________________, which has
both _______________ and ___________________ tissue characteristics
There are two locations of Nodal Tissue in the Heart:
1. SA Node (____________________ Node)
 Found in the upper wall of the
_________________________.
2. AV Node (____________________________)
 Found at the bottom of the
_____________________ near the Septum
The SA Node (also called the _______________)
initiates the heartbeat and sends out an
__________________________ every 0.85
seconds. The impulse causes both Atria to
_____________. The impulses are sent to the AV
Node Via the __________________________.
When the impluse reaches the AV Node, an impulse is
sent from the AV Node, down the Purkinje Fibers (found
in the walls of the ventricles and the septum) which
stimulates both __________________ to contract.
An __________________ registers the _____________
changes across the surface of the heart as it ________.
The letters _______________ are the standard labels
used to identify the parts of the ______________.
The P Curve records the ________________________
_______________ of the __________ as they drive the
blood out into their ventricles.
The QRS is the _____________________________________ as they drive the blood out into
their respective arteries. Note the much higher peak of the QRS phase of the cardiac cycle in
the picture to the right. This is due to the much longer stronger contraction of the ventricles
pushing blood out of the heart.
The T marks the ______________ of the Ventricles (restoration of the normal electical
condition, preparing them for the next contraction).
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_electrical.htm
Autonomic Control of the Heart
The rate of the heart can also be controlled by the
__________________________.
The heart rate center is located in the __________
________________ of the brain. The SA Node is
connected to the brain by the Vagus nerve (cranial
nerve #10). This nerve pathway called the
____________________________________ (not
under conscious control) has two system that affect
the Heart Rate:
1. Parasympathetic System - _________________________________________.
2. Sympathetic System - Causes the heart beat to ______________ during times of stress.
Factors such as need for _____________ or the blood pressure level determine which of these
systems become active.
When the brain perceives that the blood is getting delivered to the tissues too slowly, or if
blood pressure is low, the brain will signal the _____________________________________
_________________________________.
Blood Pressure
Ventricles pump a volume of blood (__________________) each time they contract. The
arteries must have __________________________________ to withstand this pressure. The
Force of blood against the blood vessel walls is simply known as _______________________.
Blood pressure is not constant.
The term Systolic pressure (or Systole) refers to the _________________________________
_______________________. This is the highest blood pressure
reading.
The term diastolic pressure (diastole) refers to the blood pressure
when _________________________________________. This is
the lowest blood pressure reading.
Pulse: As blood is pumped through arteries, the _____________
____________________, and then recoil. This swelling can be
felt in any artery that runs close to the surface.
Blood pressure is normally measured along the _______________________________ of the
arm. A reading of ______________ is quite normal.
120 - Systolic Reading as ventricles contract
80 - Diastolic Reading as the ventricles relax
A number of things can affect the blood pressure.
Hypertension - _____________________________
Example: 140/90 or 125/90
Diet and lifestyle are often to blame for elevated
blood pressure
Reasons:
 Stress
 Plaques - ______________________________
 _______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
__________________. (Arteriosclerosis) (Strokes,
heart attacks...)
 High Salt intake - retain water - _____________
 _______________________________________.
 Smoking
 Stimulants
 Lack of exercise
 Diet - amount and type
 Working too hard
 Age, Sex, Race
Hypotension - _________________________________
 _______________________________________
______________________________________
o Example: 110/70
Reasons:
 ________________________________________________
 _________________
 _________________
Proper kidney function can only be maintained if there is a sufficient _______________ for
filtration.
Luckily the body can adjust blood pressure. Monitored by the _____________________ (part
of the brain), the body can dilate (widen) arterioles thus ____________________________
pressure in them, or constrict (narrow) them to _____________________________________
_____________________.
Review
Finish the following statements or answer the question:
1. The SA node is found
2. The SA node is also called the ______________ of the heart and causes
3. The AV node is found
4. The AV node stimulates the __________ which are found in the___________and cause