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PreAP Plant Packet Use your book to complete the following: Chapter 31 1. Fill out the following information on plant growth: Type of growth Describe this type of growth. Where does it happen? What tissues are involved in the growth? Primary Secondary 2. A 2nd grader carved a heart into a tree with the initials of a boy she liked. She carved it 3 feet off the ground. As a high school senior, she comes back and sees the heart. How far off the ground is the heart now? Justify your answer. Chapter 32 3. What are root hairs? What is their function? 4. If a plant had a defect that kept it from producing root hairs, how would this effect the fitness of the plant? 5. Explain how active and passive transport are involved in root pressure. Active: Passive: 6. The transpiration-cohesion-tension mechanism describes the primary way water is transported through xylem. Explain how each of the following is important in this process. Its importance Cohesion of water Trachids and Vessel Elements are lined with hydrophilic cellulose and have pits that increase surface area Adhesion Stomata Transpiration 7. To remember how water travels through plants, you can remember that plants drink water through a straw. a. How is xylem like a straw? b. How is the transpiration-cohesion-tension mechanism similar to the method people use to drink through a straw? 8. Will each of these speed up or slow down the rate of transpiration? Justify your answer. Environmental condition ↑ or ↓ Justification Heat Humidity Windy Dark 9. Plants often pair active and passive transport to get a final effect. This is the case in the opening and closing of stomata. For the picture below, label the arrows with what happens to make the guard cells open and close the stomata. Be sure to distinguish what is being actively transported and what is being passively transported. 10. Xylem sap always moves up, but phloem sap always moves from the ____________________________ to the ____________________________. 11. In a summer with long sunny days, where would the source be in a plant? What would 2 sinks be? In the spring when a tulip is starting to emerge from the ground, where is its source and where is its sink? Season Source Sink 1. Summer 2. Spring 12. Describe the active and passive transport at the source and at the sink that causes pressure flow through the phloem. For each type of transport, what is moving and where is it coming from and going to? At the Source At the Sink Active transport Active transport causes Passive Transport causes Passive Transport 13. For each of the following mutualistic relationships, explain the benefit to the plant and the benefit to the other organism. Other organism Benefit to other Relationship Benefit to plant Involved organism Mycorrhizae Nodules on the roots of Legumes Chapter 33 14. Fill in the following table about major categories of plant hormones. Way to Other Key Type of Hormone Functions Remember information Apical Dominance, Phototropism, Gravitotropism, Cell Elongation Stimulates cell division Cell division is Cytokinesis Germination Their name and Germination start with G Inhibits growth, closes stoma, keeps dormant, stress hormone Fruit ripening Only hormone that is a gas 15. Explain how gibberellins show negative feedback. 16. Explain how ethylene is an example of a positive feedback loop. 17. Plants respond to stimuli like all other living things. Fill in the following table about 2 ways plants respond t stimuli Tropism Describe it How does this happen? Phototropism Gravitropism 18. Tulips are some of the first flowers to bloom in the spring and monk's hood is a flower that does not bloom until September. Answer the following about each of these examples. How does a flash of Environmental Is it a short day or a light in the middle of Example stimulus that long day plant? the night affect triggers flowering flowering? Tulip Monk's Hood