Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Schiehallion experiment wikipedia , lookup
Geochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Spherical Earth wikipedia , lookup
History of geomagnetism wikipedia , lookup
Age of the Earth wikipedia , lookup
Tectonic–climatic interaction wikipedia , lookup
History of Earth wikipedia , lookup
Large igneous province wikipedia , lookup
Liz LaRosa for use with my 5th Grade Science Class http://www.middleschoolscience.com 2009 The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is broken up into huge, thick plates that drift atop the soft, underlying mantle. __________layer 5 –_____km thick Made of Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum Layer of Earth _______the _______and the ____ • Contains ______of the Earth’s _________ • Has more magnesium and less aluminum and silicon than the crust • Is _________than the crust • Asthenosphere: from greek word “______”. Zone of weak, easily deformed rock in the upper mantle. Lithosphere: from greek word “_______”. ________on the asthenoshpere Includes all of the _______and part of the upper _________. ________rigid portion of the Earth Divided into ________major plates… _____the ______and to the center of the Earth Believed to be ________Iron, smaller amounts of Nickel, almost no Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum, or Magnesium Greek – “tektonikos” of a _________ _________scientists use to explain plate movement Pieces of the lithosphere that _____around Each plate has a _______ Fit together like _________puzzles Float on top of ______similar to ____cubes in a bowl of water Plates in __________motion….very slow Moves only few cm per year Boundaries where plates _______are usually the site of _________and volcanoes ________of plates _______Earth’s _______to ________constantly and dramatically (crumpling rocks, folding them, stretching and cracking) Moves continents around globe Causes earthquakes and volcanic eruptions Transfer of _______ ________take place _______a source of heat. Ex. Hot water is less dense than cold water and rises, causing convection currents which transport energy. http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/unanswered.html Plates move ______from each other along _______boundaries Plates ______along a ________boundary Plates _____past each other along _____fault boundaries These plate movements have produced _____of the world’s volcanoes, earthquakes, high mountain ranges, and deep ocean trenches Alfred Wegener 1900’s Continents were once a _______land mass that ________apart. ________of the same plants and animals are found on different continents Called this supercontinent _______, Greek for “all Earth” ______Million years ago http://members.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/planets/earth/Continents.shtml The continents and oceans are ____Earth’s ________. Because plates ______, the continents we live on today were ______places in the past. They will ______to ______in other positions in the future! Mid Ocean Ridges – underwater _______ chains that run through the Earth’s Basins ______ _____to the surface and _____and _____crust forms _____Crust is _____ farther away from the ridge http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html Caused by _____being pushed _____under a plate Magma presses against _____ _____and stretches lithosphere until it cracks Magma _____into the gap and _____to form new crust http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html http://www.geology.com http://www.geology.com _____kinds of collisions possible ______plate collide with ______plate: one of the plates is pushed under the other. ▪ The plate that is forced down, melts…creating a trench _____ _______plates collide: one forced under other. ▪ Plates crumple and fold, forming mountain ranges _____plate collides with _____plate: oceanic plate forced downward. ▪ Mountains and volcanoes form along the boundary between plates 80% of the worlds volcanoes and 90% of all earthquakes occur along convergent boundaries!!! http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html & http://www.geology.com http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html & http://www.geology.com http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html & http://www.geology.com _____plates move past each other in _____directions www.geology.com 95% of all earthquakes occur at or near the edges of moving plates, along great cracks in Earth’s crust called faults. As plates ______to move, rocks put under great ______ Rocks bend and stretch until they reach their ______point Suddenly, rocks ______and move into ______positions A jolt on energy is released ▪ Felt as ______ ▪ (watch YOU TUBE video) A volcano is a ______that may form around the ______as the lava cinders build up Occurs at ______boundaries ______, or molten rock beneath Earth’s surface is ______up through an ______in Earth’s surface. Molten rock _____as lava Hot molten _____is pushed ______to form ______mountains In the South Pacific the water is much warmer than normal. Environmentalists have said that Global Warming causes it. Other Scientists have noted there is a substantial amount of volcanic activity in that same area. It has a tendency to warm water, also. Here’s an interesting set of photos. Name the 3 main layers of the Earth What is a tectonic plate? What was Pangea? What is Sea-Floor spreading? Name the three different types of plate boundaries and one location on Earth for each one What are earthquakes and how do they happen? What are volcanoes and how do they form?