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5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle KEY CONCEPT Cell cycle regulation is necessary for healthy growth. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle • I can identify and external factors that regulate cell division. • I can explain cancer in terms of the cell cycle. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle Internal and external factors regulate cell division. • External factors include physical and chemical signals. • Growth factors are proteins that stimulate cell division. – Most mammal cells form a single layer in a culture dish and stop dividing once they touch other cells. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle • Two of the most important internal factors are kinases and cyclins. • External factors trigger internal factors, which affect the cell cycle. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle • Apoptosis is programmed cell death. – a normal feature of healthy organisms – caused by a cell’s production of self-destructive enzymes – occurs in webbed fingers development of infants 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle Cell division is uncontrolled in cancer. • Cancer cells form disorganized clumps called tumors. – Benign tumors remain clustered and can be removed. – Malignant tumors metastasize, or break away, and can form more tumors. normal cell cancer cell bloodstream 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle • Cancer cells do not carry out necessary functions. • Cancer cells come from normal cells with damage to genes involved in cell-cycle regulation. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle • Carcinogens are substances known to promote cancer. • Standard cancer treatments typically kill both cancerous and healthy cells. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle Proteins that bind to cells and stimulate cell division are called • a. enzymes. • b. kinases. • c. growth factors. • d. carcinogens. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle What is the term for the programmed death of cells? • a. kinase • b. cyclin • c. carcinogen • d. apoptosis 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle Two internal factors that are important in advancing the cell cycle are • a. kinases and cyclins. • b. hormones and enzymes. • c. phosphates and enzymes. • d. proteins and platelets. 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle Which phrase best describes cancer? • a. absence of cyclins • b. multiple gene mutations • c. uncontrolled cell growth • d. presence of genetic defects 5.3 Regulation of the Cell Cycle Substances known to produce or promote cancer are called • a. carcinogens. • b. kinases. • c. cyclins. • d. malignancies.
