Download k-empire-of-china

Empire of China
9a
World Studies
Stankiewicz
Essential Questions
What were the teachings of Confucius
How did Confucian Ideas help shape
Chinese Life?
How did Legalist and Daoist views
differ?
Who was Shi Huangdi?
How did the Han dynastic rulers
shape Chinese government?
Confucius
China’s most
influential
philosopher
Born to a noble but
poor family
Became a teacher
after failing in
government work
Reputation for
wisdom grew
Confucius
Never wrote down
his philosophy
Very different from
Buddha
Little interest in
salvation
Interested in
worldly goals
Confucius Teaching - 1
Unlike Buddha, Confucius was not
really interested in religious matters
Concerned more about worldly goals
(life on earth)
Wanted social order
Good government
Make rules to live by on earth
Confucius Teachings - 2
People are in harmony when they
accept their place in society
Five Key relationships
Father to son
Elder brother to younger brother
Husband to wife
Ruler to subject
Friend to friend
Relationships - 1
Other than Friend to Friend all
relationships are unequal
Older people are superior to younger
people
Men are superior to women
But mothers of sons need respect
Relationships - 2
Superiors are to take care of inferiors
Inferiors should be loyal and obedient
to superiors
Women’s duty is to ensure the
stability of the family and promote
harmony in the home
CORRECT BEHAVIOR BRINGS
ORDER AND STABILITY
Relationships - 3
Respect for parents is above all other
duties
Even higher than duty to the state
(government)
Other values
Golden rule
Confucius and Government
People are naturally good
Best ruler (government) is honest,
upstanding, fair, educated
Education is key to advancement
Confucius’s Legacy
Confucianism never a religion
Chinese rulers, however, based their
government on his teachings
Future rulers often chose Confucian
scholars as leaders
Emphasis on Confucian relationships
dominated Chinese society
Spread to 1/3 of world’s population
Legalism
The Philosophy promoted by Hanfeizi
Men are naturally “evil”
Goodness is acquired
Greed the motive for all actions
Disagreed with Confucius
Only way to achieve order id through strict rules
enforced by harsh punishments
Strength, not goodness, was a ruler’s greatest
virtue
Daoism
Differs from both Confucianism and
Legalism
Daoists no interest in bringing order to
society, but to live in harmony with
nature
Daoism
Founded by Laozi
Wrote: “The Way of
Virtue”
Enormous
influence on
Chinese life
Daoism
Focuses on Dao –”The Way” of the
universe.
Reject conflict and emphasize
“yielding”
Didn’t like government
“The best government is the one that
governs least”
Daoism
Evolved into a religion
Gods and goddesses
Alchemy
Thought to have invented gunpowder
to frighten ghosts
Daoism and Confucianism
Blended together
Confucianism taught how to behave
Daoism influence how people looked
at the natural world
Shi Huangdi
First Emperor
Founder of Qin Dynasty
Followed Legalism (strict)
Authoritarian dictator
Did not tolerate any
dissent
Built the Original Great
Wall of China
When he died people
revolted
Han Dynasty
Claimed had
mandate from
Heaven in
210 BC
Han dynasty
lasted from
210 BC to
220 AD
Liu Bang 1st
Han emperor
Liu Bang
Lowered taxes and
eased harsh Legalistic
policies
Appointed key
Confucian scholars as
advisors
Later emperors
followed his examples
Set up universities
Followed Confucian
principles
Most famous Han Emperor - Wudi
Expanded education
Warrior Emperor
Ceaseless campaigns to
expand China’s borders
Invaded Manchuria,
Korea, Vietnam, Tibet and
Korea
Linked china with the
middle east – “Silk Road”
Han Society
Confucian scholars-Officials
Civil Service examinations
Women subservient
Han Achievements
Han scientists wrote texts on biology,
zoology, astronomy
Paper out of wood pulp
Herbal medicine
Collapse
Weak leaders let public projects down
Taxes raised
Warlords
Peasant revolts
Same story as any dynasty as we learned
when we studied the dynastic cycle
Questions – There’s more slides
Spread of Civilizations in East
Asia 9b
World Studies
Stankiewicz
Essential Questions
How did the Mongols create a world
Empire?
What was the legacy of the Mongol
conquest?
How did Ming ruler reassert Chinese
greatness?
Mongol Expansion
Mongols originally nomadic people
Genghis Kahn became leader of
Mongols (1100s AD)
Imposed strict discipline and absolute
loyalty
Created a great cavalry of highly mobile
soldiers
Probably the most skilled horsemen in the
world
Mongol Expansion
Genghis Kahn had
a reputation for
fierceness
Ruthless
Attacked China
Trouble with walled
cities
Developed siege
warfare
Mongol Expansion
Genghis Kahn dies before completed
conquest of known world but his
empire stretched to include China and
most of northern Asia
Mongol Conquests
Genghis Kahn’s grandson Kublai
Khan overthrew the Song dynasty in
1279. Kubai founded the Yuan
Dynasty
Ruled all of China, Korea, Tibet and
Vietnam
Able and demanding ruler
Welcomed many foreigners including
Marco Polo
Marco Polo
Visited Kublai Kahn
and stayed with
him for 17 years
Wrote a book
describing his
adventures
Not always
believed, but book
was a best seller
Marco Polo’s Routes
Effects of Mongol Expansion
Once conquering people the Mongols
were not necessarily oppressive
rulers
Usually let people live as they did as
long as they paid tribute to Mongols
Usually ruled with justice and tolerance
Respected scholars
Effects of Mongol Expansion
In 1200s and 1300s Mongols
established peace and order in
Kingdom
Protected the “Silk Road” trade route
from Europe to China
Got rid of civil service system
Demise of the Mongols
After Kublai Kahn died Yuan dynasty
grew weak.
Most Chinese resented Mongol rule
Heavy taxes, corruption were
common
1368 Yuan Dynasty was replaced by
the Ming Dynasty
Ming Dynasty
Restored civil service system
Reinforced Confucian learning
Established a system to halt corruption
Economic revival
Revival of Arts, Literature, exploration
Very popular with people because they
reasserted China’s traditional values
Korea and Its Traditions
Essential
Questions:
How did geography
affect the Korean
peninsula?
How did China
effect Korean
Culture?
How did Korea
shape its own
culture?
How did geography affect the
Korean peninsula?
Its closeness to China allowed it to
receive many cultural and
technological advances from the
Chinese
It served as a cultural bridge between
China and Japan
How did China effect Korean Culture?
Korea often a tributary state of China
China saw Korea in Confucian terms
Older brother looking over younger
brother
Koreans adopted Confucian emphasis
on family as the basis of the state
How did Korea shape its own culture?
Had its own dynasties (three only)
Shilla 668-918; Koryo 918-1392; Choson
1392-1910
Adapted its own form of civil service
Only aristocracy can be part of it,
unlike China
Acknowledged Chinese overlordship
but maintained nominal independence
Japan
What geographical
features influenced
the early
development of
Japan?
How did Chinese
culture influence
Japan?
What geographical features influenced the early
development of Japan?
Islands
Most land too mountainous to farm
Most people settle on narrow river valleys
and along coast
Isolated and protected from outside world
Thriving fishing
Tsunamis, Ring of Fire affected
population’s psyche
Eastern Hemisphere