Download Matter Key

Chemistry Study Guide
Directions: Complete the concept map below with the correct words and definitions.
Use your notes if you need help!
Matter
Pure
Substance
Mixtures
Element
Compound
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous
Made of one
type of atom
Made of 2 or
more different
atoms bonded
together
Evenly spread
Unevenly
spread
States of Matter
Define the following.
Matter – anything that takes up space (volume) and has mass; made of atoms; can
either be a pure substance or a mixture, See chart above for more detailed examples.
Solid – has a definite volume and definite shape, tightly packed
Liquid – has a definite volume but no definite shape; takes shape of container, loosely
packed
Gas – does not have definite volume or definite shape; takes shape of container; not
packed at all
Plasma – ionized gas (electrons stripped off the molecule); no definite shape or
volume and makes up 99% of all matter in the universe (stars are made of plasma)
Density – how closely packed the molecules are. Mass/Volume. Density for 1 gram
gold same as for 10 grams of gold.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Fill in the blanks.
(observed & measured)
1.) Physical properties can be __used to identify a substance____ and
__be used to separate it from other substances_____.
2.) Chemical properties describe how a substance _reacts with other substances to
make new substances__.
3.) Put the following properties in the appropriate columns.
Density
Flammability
Texture
PHYSICAL
Density
Color
Size
Texture
Color
Size
Reactivity
CHEMICAL
Flammability
Reactivity
Physical and Chemical Changes
1.) A _physical_ change is a change of matter from one form to
another without a change in chemical properties. They are often easily
__reversed_____.
2.) In a chemical change a substance changes _physical & chemical properties_ by
forming one or more _new__ substances. They ___can___ be reversed, but not
easily. (must do a chemical reaction to get them back)
3. List at least 5 examples of evidence of a chemical change:
Bubbles (gas formation)
Light
Fire/ Explosion
Temperature change
Color change
Precipitate formation
Oxidation
3. ) Put the following chemical changes/reactions in the appropriate columns.
Melting
Evaporation
Burning
Boiling
Bubbling
Oxidation
Tearing
PHYSICAL
Condensation
CHEMICAL
Melting
Evaporation
Boiling
Tearing
Condensation
Burning
Bubbling (?)
Oxidation
Law of Conservation of Matter:
Matter cannot be created nor destroyed. Mass of reactants should equal the mass of
the products.
19.34 grams of product should be made if 0% error
Balancing Equations – How many atoms are in each?
2H2O
__ 6 ___
4HCl
3C12H24
5NaNO3
___ 8 ______
______
108 _______
______25 ______
Balance these equations
Na + 3Cl  2NaCl
Na + Cl  NaCl
H2 + 2O2  H2O
2H2 + O2  2H2O
Zn + Cl2  ZnCl2
Yes
CaCO3 + H20  Ca + H2CO2 + O2
[2Na + Cl2  2NaCl]
Yes
Add to Study Guide - Types of Reactions: - see back pg of balancing gizmo for
definitions
Synthesis Reaction
A + B  AB
Decomposition Reaction
AB  A + B
Single Replacement Reaction
AB + C  AC + B
Double Replacement Reaction
AB + CD  AD + CB
Define the following.
Symbol -
abbreviations of elements on periodic table
Chemical Formula - abbreviation for a pure substance H20 (structural formula for
a covalent compound is H-O-H]
Chemical equation - reactants adding together to make a product (something new)
Element – only one type of atom. Ag is an element
O2 is an elemental molecule
Compound – different kinds of atoms bonded together H20
NaCl
H2SO4
Pure Substance – all made of the same thing (same element or same compound)
Mixture – different pure substances NOT bonded together but combined (a mix of
elements and/or compounds in the same space)
Homogeneous mixture – spread evenly throughout, it is a mixture composed of more
than one substance uniformly mixed (cake batter) (salt water)
Heterogeneous mixture - A mixture composed of more than one substance not
uniformly mixed (sand & water) (chocolate chip cookie)
What’s the Difference?
Tell the difference between each of the following terms.
Reactants vs. Products- Reactants go into the chemical equation and make NEW
products
AB + CD  AC + BD
Coefficient vs. Subscript – Coefficient: number of whole molecules place before
chemical formula 3X Subscript : number of atoms of the element BEFORE it X2
Homogeneous Mixture vs. Heterogeneous Mixture – Homogeneous is spread evenly
throughout, it is a mixture composed of more than one substance uniformly mixed
(cake batter), while a heterogeneous mixture A mixture composed of more than one
substance not uniformly mixed (sand & water)
.
Pure Substance vs. Mixture – Mixture is a combination of more than one pure
substance which can be separated physically or chemically. (sand, salt, iron)
Know how to calculate density and determine which objects float or sink
Object is .89 grams and 2.3 mL What is density? Will it float in water? Why?
0.89g/2.3 mL = 0.39 g/mL
1.0g/mL
It will float because less than density of water which is
Know ionic and covalent bonding:
What is an Ion?
Cation?
Charged atom Na+1 Cl-1
Positively charged atom Na+1
Anion?
Negatively charge atom Cl-1
Oxidaton #?
The actual charge on the atom +2, -1 etc.
Covalent Bonding
bonds where electrons are shared
Ionic Bonding
bonds where positive and negatively charged atoms (ions)
are attracted to each other.
Using all the steps, be able to make ionic and covalent compounds. Review class
sheets.
Includes worksheets and handed out notes!