Download The Endocrine System - Lawndale High School

Recap
• What is one major function of the
Endocrine System?
• What is a target cell (or organ)?
• Explain how negative feedback works
using any of the following examples:
– Thirst
– Home Heating System
– Sweating
– Or, your own example
The Endocrine System
Ch. 9b
Glands and Organs of the
Endocrine System
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Pituitary Gland
Hypothalamus
Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid Gland
Adrenal Gland
Pineal Gland
Thymus Gland
Pancreas
Gonads
Exocrine vs. Endocrine
Glands
• Endocrine Glands
– Ductless glands that produce hormones
that they release into the blood or lymph
• Exocrine Glands
– Release their products at the body’s
surface or into body cavities through ducts
Pituitary Gland
• Attached to the
Hypothalamus
• 2 lobes
– Anterior lobe (Made
up of glandular
tissue)
– Posterior lobe (Made
up of nervous tissue)
Anterior Pituitary Gland
• There are 6 hormones released by the
anterior pituitary
– Growth Hormone (GH)
• Responsible for the growth of skeletal muscles
and long bones
• Stimulates cells to grow and divide
• Cause fats to be broken down and used for
energy
Posterior Pituitary Gland
– Doesn’t make hormones, it stores
hormones made by the hypothalamus
– Oxytocin
• Released during childbirth and in nursing
women
• Causes contractions during childbirth and milk
ejection during nursing
– Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
• A chemical that inhibits or prevents urine
production
• In large amounts, can increase blood pressure
Pituitary – Hypothalamus
Relationship
• The pituitary gland is known as the
“Master Endocrine Gland”
• Yet, all of pituitary’s glands are
controlled by the hypothalamus
Thyroid Gland
• Located at the base of the throat
• Makes two hormones
– Thyroid Hormone
• Body’s major metabolic hormone
• Controls the rate at which glucose is converted
into body heat and energy
– Calcitonin
• Decreases calcium levels in the body by
causing it to be deposited in bones
Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid Gland
• Connected to the Thyroid
• Makes one hormone
– Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
• Most important regulator of calcium
homeostasis in the blood
Quick Quiz 1 of 2
• What gland produces the Growth
Hormone (GH)?
• Where is the thyroid gland located?
Adrenal Glands
• Located on the kidneys
• Produces 3 major groups of steroid
hormones called corticosteroids
• When stimulated by the Sympathetic
Nervous System (SNS), releases 2
hormones
– Epinephrine (adrenaline)
• Increases heart rate, blood pressure, blood
glucose levels
– Norepinephrine
Adrenal Glands
Pancreas
• Located close to the stomach in the
abdomen
• 2 important hormones
– Insulin
• Acts on just about all body cells and increases
their ability to transport glucose
• Absolutely necessary for the use of glucose in
the body
– Glucagon
• Opposite of insulin
• Stimulated by low blood sugar levels
Pancreas
Pineal Gland
• Located in the brain
• Only secretes one hormone
– Melatonin
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Levels rise and fall during the course of the day
High levels at night make us drowsy
Low levels during the daylight hours
Important in establishing the body’s day-night
cycle
Pineal Gland
Thymus Gland
• Located in the upper thorax (chest)
• Decreases in size throughout adulthood
• Produces one hormone
– Thymosin
• Influences immunity in children
Gonads
• Hormones of the Ovaries
– Located in the female pelvis
– Produces two groups of steroid hormones
• Estrogens
– Stimulates the development of the secondary sex
characteristics
– Helps maintain pregnancy and prepare the breasts
for milk
• Progesterone
Gonads
• Hormones of the Testes
– Located outside the male pelvis
– Produces the male sex hormones
• Testosterone
– Promotes the growth and maturation of the
reproductive system organs
– Causes the development of the male’s secondary
sex characteristics
Quick Quiz 2 of 2
• What hormone is necessary for glucose
use in the body?
• What is melatonin?