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December 2 EQ- What all will we be discussing in our Consciousness unit? SSPBF2 Agenda: 1. Dream Journal Assignment 2. Chapter 5 Vocabulary Ppt 3. Chapter 5 Vocabulary CW Homework: Dream Journal due next Friday! Table of Contents: 53. Chapter 5 Vocabulary 54. Chapter 5 Vocabulary Crossword 55. Dream Journal Assignment 10 Facts about Sleep CHAPTER 5: CONSCIOUSNESS KEY TERMS • 1. Consciousness: the awareness of things inside and outside ourselves. • 2. Selective attention: the focusing on particular stimulus. • 3. Preconscious: ideas that are not in your awareness right now, but you could recall them if you had to. • 4. Unconscious (subconscious): information in most circumstances is unavailable to awareness. • 5. Nonconscious: biological functions Blinking • 6. Altered states of consciousness: a person’s sense of self or sense of the world changes. Drinking Alcohol • 7. Circadian rhythms: biological clocks including sequences of body changes such as temperature, blood pressure, sleepiness, etc. • 8. Rapid-eye-movement sleep (REM): underneath closed eyes in this stage our eyes are moving rapidly. • 9. Insomnia: the inability to sleep. • 10. Night terrors: similar to nightmares but are more severe. • 11. Sleep apnea: breathing interruptions that occur during sleep. • 12. Narcolepsy: when people suddenly fall asleep no matter the time nor place. • 13. Meditation: is a method some people use to try to narrow their consciousness so that the stresses of the outside world fade away; calming technique. • 14. Biofeedback: a system that provides or “feeds back” information about something happening in the body. • 15. Hypnosis: an altered state of consciousness during which people respond to suggestions and behave as though they are in a trance. • 16. Posthypnotic suggestion: instructed techniques to use after hypnosis. • 17. Addiction: a craving for something to achieve homeostasis • 18. Depressants: drugs that slow the activity of the nervous system. • 19. Intoxication: drunkenness; impairment of perception. • 20. Narcotics: addictive depressants that have been used to relieve pain and induce sleep. • 21. Stimulants: drugs that increase the activity of the nervous system. • 22. Amphetamines: a type of stimulant usually used to help people stay awake and repress appetite. • 23. Hallucination: is a perception of an object or a sound that seems real but is not. • 24. Delusion: a false idea that seems real. I can fly • 25. Hallucinogen: a drug that produces hallucinations. • 26. Detoxification: the removal of the harmful substances from the body. December 3 EQ- What are the different levels of consciousness? States of Consciousness? Stages of sleep? SSPBF2 Agenda: 1. T-chart Levels of Consciousness and States of Consciousness 2. Sleep Stages 3. House EpisodeSleep Deprivation Table of Contents: 56. Levels and States of Consciousness Chart 57. Stages of Sleep Foldable Homework: Continue collecting dreams in your dream journal! STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS We know that various levels exists beyond the conscious level. LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS • Conscious Level • Nonconscious Level • Preconscious Level • Subconscious Level/ Unconscious Level LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS EXPLAINED • Conscious- the things that you are currently thinking, feeling and experiencing • Preconscious- ideas that aren’t in your awareness right now, but you could easily recall them- your stored memories and knowledge • Unconscious- aka Subconscioushidden from us- our secret desires, urges, fears, and impulses (Freud was obsessed with these) • Nonconscious- basic biological functions (fingernails growing, blood pumping) DIFFERENT STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS •Sleep •Meditation •Hypnosis •Drug Use SLEEP • Sleep is an altered state of consciousness. • We are less aware of our surroundings. • Circadian Rhythm- the biological clock in charge of our sleep/wake cycle Stage Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 REM NReM NREM NREM 1 sleep nREM Inside: 1. Describe the type of brain waves 2. Describe the characteristics of sleep at this stage. 3. Any interesting phenomenon that happen at this stage. SLEEP CYCLE • Use an EEG machine to measure stages of sleep. • Look at brain wave activity during the different stages • During an 8 hour night of sleep people go through 5-6 sleep cycles STAGE 1 • Kind of awake and kind of asleep. (lightest stage of sleep) • Only lasts a few minutes, and you usually only experience it once a night. • Your brain produces Theta Waves • You can have sudden wakefulnessfeels like you are falling • Can have photographic images that you easily recall if awakened- might argue “I wasn’t asleep” • Only lasts 1-7 mins STAGE 2 • More Theta Waves that get progressively slower. • Begin to show sleep spindles…short bursts of rapid brain waves. STAGES 3 AND 4 • Slow wave sleep. • You produce Delta waves. • Stage 3- transitional, only in this stage for a few minutes • Stage 4 is the deepest level of sleep • If awoken you will be very groggy. • Vital for restoring body’s growth hormones and good overall health. • Sleepwalking and bedwetting occur in Stage 4 From stage 4, your brain begins to speed up and you go to stage 3, then 2….then …… REM SLEEP • Rapid Eye Movement • Stage 5- after about 90 mins of sleeping • Blood pressure, heart beat increase • Brain is very active. • Dreams usually occur in REM. • Body is essentially paralyzed. HOUSE EPISODE SEASON 2 EPISODE 18 SLEEP DISORDERS Disorder Insomnia Nightmares and Night terrors Sleepwalking Sleep Apnea Narcolepsy Characterized by… INSOMNIA • Persistent problems falling asleep • Effects 10% of the population • Tend to suffer from anxiety and “racing minds” at sleep time • Can come in cycles NIGHT TERRORS • Wake up screaming and have no idea why. • Not a nightmare. • Most common in children (boys) between ages 2-8. SOMNAMBULISM • Sleep Walking • Most often occurs during the first few hours of sleeping and in stage 4 (deep sleep). • Can do routine activties • If you have had night terrors, you are more likely to sleep walk when older. SLEEP APNEA • A person stops breathing during their sleep. • Wake up momentarily, gasps for air, then falls back asleep. • Associated with snoring • Very common, especially in heavy males. • Can be fatal. • People who have it are usually very tired during the day NARCOLEPSY Click above to see Skeeter the narcoleptic dog. • Suffer from sleeplessness and may fall asleep at unpredictable or inappropriate times. • Directly into REM sleep • Less than .001 % of population. DREAMS FREUD’S THEORY OF DREAMS • Dreams are a roadway into our unconscious. • Manifest Content (storyline) • Latent Content (underlying meaning) ACTIVATION-SYNTHESIS THEORY • Our Cerebral Cortex is trying to interpret random electrical activity we have while sleeping. • That is why dreams sometimes make no sense. • Biological Theory. INFORMATION-PROCESSING THEORY • Dreams are a way to deal with the stresses of everyday life. • We tend to dream more when we are more stressed. HYPNOSIS HYPNOSIS • Altered state of consciousness? • Posthypnotic suggestion • Posthypnotic amnesia HYPNOTIC THEORIES Role Theory State Theory • Hypnosis is NOT an altered state of consciousness. • Different people have various state of hypnotic suggestibility. • A social phenomenon where people want to believe. • Work better on people with richer fantasy lives. • Hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness. • Dramatic health benefits • It works for pain best. DISSOCIATION THEORY • Theory by Ernest Hilgard. • We voluntarily divide our consciousness up. • Ice Water Experiment. • We have a hidden observer, a level of us that is always aware. DRUGS DRUGS • Our brain is protected by a layer of capillaries called the blood-brain barrier. • The drugs that are small enough to pass through are called psychoactive drugs. DRUGS ARE EITHER…. • Agonists • Antagonists • Reuptake inhibitors If a drug is used often, a tolerance is created for the drug. Thus you need more of the drug to feel the same effect. If you stop using a drug you can develop withdrawal symptoms. STIMULANTS • Speed up body processes. • More powerful ones (like cocaine) give people feelings of invincibility. DEPRESSANTS • Slows down body processes. • Alcohol • Anxiolytics (barbiturates and tranquilizers) ALCOHOL • More than 86 billion dollars are spent annually on alcoholic beverages. • Alcohol is involved in 60% of ALL crimes. • Alcohol is involved in over 70% of sexually related crimes. • Is it worth the cost? HALLUCINOGENS • Psychedelics • Causes changes in perceptions of reality • LSD, peyote, psilocybin mushrooms and marijuana. • Reverse tolerance or synergistic effect OPIATES • Has depressive and hallucinogenic qualities. • Agonist for endorphins. • Derived from poppy plant. • Morphine, heroin, methadone and codeine. • All these drugs cross the placental barrier….teratogens. DECEMBER 9 • EQ- What are dreams? How do we interpret them? • Table of Contents: • 64. Dream Notes • 65. Dream Interpretation Video • Agenda: 1. 2. 3. Review Dream Journals Dream Notes Dream Video DREAM NOTES DREAM VIDEO QUESTIONS 1. It wasn’t until _________ years ago that neuroscience began to study the dreaming brain. 2. Another feature of REM sleep is that your __________ goes down to zero. 3. REM Sleep Disorder is caused by a gradual destruction of the brainstem’s ____________. 4. It can be a precursor to ________________. 5. REM sleep is more negative and linked to our __________, which is active during REM. 6. People with ______________ seem to go straight to REM and stay in REM longer. 7. Sigmund Freud thought dreams were symbols from our ______ which need to be interpreted. 8. How many of our dreams are negative? 9. What are three famous things/ideas that came to people in dreams? 10. How are nightmares a good thing? 11. Where are memories of traumatic events stored? 12. What can lucid dreamers do?