Download BIOLOGY EVOLUTION BONUS REVIEW COMPLETION

_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
BIOLOGY
EVOLUTION BONUS REVIEW
COMPLETION- Write the word that best completes each sentence.
1. Dust, sand, or mud deposited by wind or water is called ______sediment
2. ____Robert__________ ____Hooke_____ is famous for discovering the cell, but he was also
one of the first scientists to study fossils with a microscope.
3. The _____absolute___ age of a fossil is its age in years.
4. __mass____ _extinctions are brief periods during which large numbers of species disappeared.
5. The study of the geographical distribution of fossils and of living organisms is called
___biogeography_____.
6. ____acquired____ traits are traits that are not determined by genes, but arise as a result of an
organism’s experiences.
7. The theory of ____natural______ _____selection_____ states that organisms best suited to
their environment reproduce more successfully than other organisms.
8. An interbreeding single-species group is called a ______population________.
9. Darwin was appointed as naturalist on the ship called the __HMS Beagle_____ .
10. Darwin spent a great deal of his time on the ____Galapagos______ Islands, which are off of the
Pacific coast of South America.
11. The Law of _____Superposition___________ states that successive layers of rock or soil were
deposited on top of one another by wind or water.
12. A _____fossil_____________ is a trace of a long-dead organism.
13. The Glyptodont was the prehistoric relative of the modern-day ___armadillo______________.
14. Despite having beaks adapted for different food types, the _____finches_________ that Darwin
studied were very similar, implying that they shared a common ancestor.
15. In 1958, Darwin was encouraged to publish his findings and wrote The ___Origin________ of
the _____Species___________.
16. A single organism’s genetic contribution to the next generation in an evolving population is
_____fitness_____________.
17. A favorable trait is said to give the organism that has it an _____adaptive_______ advantage.
18. Darwin’s first theory, Descent with ______modification__________, states that the newer
forms appearing in the fossil record are actually modified descendents of older species.
19. The forelimbs of some animals are examples of ____homologous________ features, similar
features that originated in a common ancestor.
20. The Hummingbird and Humming ___moth_______can both hover to feed on nectar, but there
is no anatomical or embryological similarities in their wings.
21. The tailbone in humans is an example of a ____vestigial_______________ structure, because
it may have been useful to an ancestor, but is not useful to us today.
22. The genes needed to make hind legs in whales have been ____conserved_________, or have
remained unchanged.
23. The 2 main types of fossils are ___molds______ and ____casts________.
24. An example of convergent evolution, where organisms appear to be very similar but are not closely
related at all is __whales and porpoises__________.
25. In _____artificial_________ selection, humans speed up the process of divergence artificially.
26. Some species existed for awhile, but then disappeared or became ____extinct____________.
27. The change of 2 or more species in close association with one another, such as predators and prey,
is called _____coevolution____________.
28. In ____adaptive___________ radiation, many related species evolve from a single ancestral
species, such as the Galapagos finches.
29. The Earth is estimated to be about _____4 billion___________ years old.
30. Alexander Oparin thought that macromolecules were formed from complex chemical reactions
fueled by _____lightning_____________.
31. _____ozone___________ is a gas that is poisonous to plants and animals, but is essential for
life on Earth because it absorbs UV rays from the sun in the upper atmosphere.
32. When 2 organisms are involved in a mutually beneficial relationship, it is known as
______endosymbiosis_________.
33. The time that it takes for half of a radioactive isotope to decay is known as its ___half__________life________.
34. The oldest known cellular fossils were found in a desolate corner of Australia nicknamed the
___north____ ___pole________.
35. Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain are called
____isotopes____________.
36. Anaerobic organisms do NOT need ____oxygen_______.
37. _____archaebacteria________ are a kingdom of one-celled organisms that can live under harsh
environmental conditions and are thought to be similar to the very first living organisms.
38. Organisms that obtain energy by eating other organisms or their byproducts are called
____heterotrophs________________.
39. An invasion of a relative of modern photosynthetic cyanobacteria eventually gave rise to
____chloroplasts___________, the organelle in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis.
40. Isotopes that have unstable nuclei that tend to release particles or radiant energy are called
____radioactive______ isotopes.
41. One way that eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells is __larger, DNA in a nucleus, several
other membrane-bound organelles __________.
42. ___chemosynthesis______ is a method of obtaining energy in which carbon dioxide serves as a
carbon source for the assembly of organic molecules.
43. Some theories suggest that organic compounds may have formed in ___undersea______ hot
springs where they would be protected from the harsh atmosphere.
44. The radioactive isotope used to date most fossils is ____carbon 14_______.
45. The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called its ___mass_____
____number_______.
46. All atoms of the same element have the same __atomic______ number, or the same number of
protons.
47. If carbon 12 has 6 protons and 6 neutrons, then carbon 14 has __8_____ neutrons.
48. One method of establishing the age of materials is called ____radioactive_________ dating.
49. All organic compounds (such as carbohydrates and proteins) contain the element
___carbon________.
50. It is thought that an aerobic prokaryote living inside a larger anaerobic prokaryote eventually gave
rise to the ___mitochondria_____, an organelle that is the site for aerobic respiration.
51. Another name for a layer of rock or soil is ____stratum________.
52. Saying that a given fossil is younger or older than another fossil is giving that fossil a
___relative_______ age.
53. Some species, like the ____trilobite_______, are unlike any species seen today.
54. Mass extinctions probably resulted from drastic changes in the environment such as periods of
_____volcanic____ ____activity________.
55. ___uniformitarianism_ says that the geological structure of the Earth resulted from cycles of
observable processes and these processes operate continuously through time.
56. In the Andes Mountains, Darwin observed fossils of _marine_____ ___organisms____in rocks
about 14,100 ft. above sea level.
57. ____analogous____ features serve identical functions and look somewhat alike, but have
different embryological development and may be different in internal anatomy.
58. In ___divergent______ evolution, 2 or more related populations or species become more and
more dissimilar.
59. Robert Hooke studied ___petrified ______ wood under a microscope, and decided that it was a
living thing that had turned to stone.
60. With the growing population of heterotrophs, there probably was great environmental pressure
for ___autotrophs_________________ to evolve.
MATCHING- Match the following statements with the scientist(s) that they describe.
Some may be used more than once!!!
61. _A___ Thought that the early atmosphere
contained ammonia, hydrogen gas, water vapor,
and methane, but never tested his ideas
A. Oparin
62. __C__ Used electric sparks to simulate
lightning
C. Miller and Urey
63. _D___ To explain how species changed, he
hypothesized that acquired traits were passed on
to offspring
64. __E__ First to study fossils with a
microscope
65. __B__ Proposed that species were modified
by natural selection.
66. __D__ Said that repeated stretching of the
membrane between the toes of shore birds caused
webbed feet
67. __C__ Developed an apparatus that
produced a variety of organic compounds
68. __B__ Was a naturalist aboard the H.M.S.
Beagle for 5 years
69. __E__ Studied petrified wood, and decided
that it had once been living
70. __B__ Spent a lot of time studying the
Galapagos finches
B. Darwin
D. Lamarck
E. Hooke