Download Uses of Ser and Estar

Pre-AP ESPAŇOL 3  REPASO DEL PRIMER SEMESTRE 2013
Present tense
AR verbs
-o
-amos
-as
-a
-an
ER verbs
-o
-emos
-es
-e
-en
IR verbs
-o
-imos
-es
-e
-en
o Stem-changing verbs: e<ie, e<i, o<ue Remember - no stem change for the nosotros form.
For a complete list of stem-changing verbs, refer to the handout list you were given in
class. You must know what the verbs mean and how they change.
o Irregular verbs: Know irregular verbs such as ir, ser, estar
o Be familiar with verbs that have an irregular yo-form, such as tener, hacer, poner, decir,
salir, saber, conocer, recoger, conducir, etc. You have a separate review sheet for these.
Uses of Ser and Estar
SER
soy
somos
eres
es
son
ESTAR
estoy
estamos
estás
está
están
Use SER to tell:
Use ESTAR to tell:
TIME, date, or season
ORIGIN
NATIONALITY
CHARACTERISTICS of people, animals and things
POSSESSION
PREDICATE NOUNS
MATERIAL or composition
EVENTS – where or when an event takes place
With some PREPOSITIONS – de, para, sobre
LOCATION or spatial relationships
CONDITION and physical states
EMOTIONAL states
HEALTH
WEATHER expressions (está nublado, etc.)
RESULTS of past actions (está cerrado)
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE
With many descriptive adjectives, either SER or ESTAR can be used, but the meaning of each
statement is different. For example:
 Carlos es muy alto. –Carlos is a tall person.
 Carlos, ¡qué alto estás! --How tall you’re getting, Carlos!
 Marina es bonita. –Marina is pretty. (characteristic)
 Marina, estás muy bonita hoy. –Marina, you look so pretty today!
 Los aguacates son verdes. –Avocados are green (generally).
 Los aguacates están verdes --The avocados are not ripe yet (green).
Indirect objects & Verbs that take indirect objects
Indirect Object Pronouns – tell TO whom/what or FOR whom/what.
Object pronouns go in front of a conjugated simple verb.
In a verb phrase, they may be attached to an infinitive or present participle.
In a command, the pronouns must be attached to the end of the affirmative command. Most
commands also acquire an accent when adding a pronoun to the end.
me
te
le
nos
les
La profesora nos da un examen. (To whom? To us.)
¿Me pides permiso para salir?
Voy a decirte un secreto.
Explícame el problema, por favor.
Remember that in Spanish if the indirect object noun is in the sentence, you must also have
the IO pronoun.
Julio le da un beso a su madre. (To whom? To his mother. Madre is the indirect object, and
the IO pronoun le must also be included.)
Gustar and Similar Verbs
encantar
molestar
importar
preocupar
interesar
faltar
hacer falta
parecer
doler
aburrir
fascinar
quedar
disgustar
These verbs all acquire indirect object pronouns. The subject usually follows the verb, and you
will usually use only the third person forms of the verb.
Me interesan los deportes. (Sports are interesting to me.)
Te falta tiempo. (You lack time. Literally, time is lacking for you.)
A Julia le aburre la clase de historia. (History class is boring to Julia.)
Nos molestan las hormigas. (Ants are bothersome to us.)
¿Les duele la cabeza a Uds.? (Do you (pl.) have headaches?)
Direct Objects
Direct Object Pronouns – A direct object answers the question WHO(M) or WHAT about the verb.
You can also find the DO by asking “Who or what is being verbed?”
me
te
lo, la
nos
los, las
¿Tienes la tarea? Sí, la tengo. (What do you have? Homework.)
Nos invitan Uds. a la fiesta? (Whom are you inviting? Who is being invited? Us.)
¿Amas a tus padres? Sí, los amo con todo mi corazón.
Reflexive Pronouns
In a reflexive action the does receives the benefit of his/her own action. Reflexive verbs can also
be used for reciprocal actions (each other). There are many other verbs which are conjugated the
same way, but do not indicate an action done to oneself; there are pronominal verbs. In all these
cases, the verb and pronoun correspond. The infinitive of a reflexive or pronominal verb has “se”
attached.
me
te
se
nos
se
(See the separate review sheet for more information and a comprehensive list of reflexive and
pronominal verbs you know. Also, be familiar with what to do when a reflexive verb is used in
conjunction with a gusta-type verb.)
Using TWO pronouns together
When using two pronouns together, follow the RID rule for the order of the pronouns:
Reflexive  Indirect Direct.
Most often, it is the Indirect and Direct pronouns which occur together, so all you need to
remember is ID.
Both pronouns must be together; you cannot split them up. Both pronouns are placed according
to the same guidelines as single pronouns:
 In front of a conjugated simple verb
 In a verb phrase, they may be attached to an infinitive or present participle.
 Attached to the end of the affirmative command. ALL commands also acquire
an accent when adding TWO pronouns to the end.