Download 8-4.3 PPT Notes Secession! 8-4.3 Focus Question: What were the

8-4.3 PPT Notes
Secession!
8-4.3 Focus Question: What were the events and factors that lead to South Carolina’s secession from the Union?
The Louisiana Purchase and Westward Expansion: Thomas Jefferson was able to purchase the Louisiana Territory in
1803 from ______. The purchase of Louisiana doubled the size of the United States! Curious to know what the new
land offered, Jefferson would send two ______________ , Lewis and Clark on an expedition to explore and report back
to him.
As the United States grew and stretched _____________, the issue of slavery and whether it should be allowed in the
new territories would lead to an increase in sectionalism. The first indicator of national trouble between the north and
south came when __________ applied for statehood. At the time, there were 11 slave states and 11 free states.
Allowing Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state would change the _____________ of power in Congress.
The Missouri Compromise: Henry Clay helped the opposing sides reach a compromise. The Missouri Compromise
allowed Missouri in as a slave state and ___________ as a free state. This kept the balance of free and slave states
equal. The Missouri Compromise also established a line- the 360 30' line-which ran along the southern border of
Missouri. All states entering the Union above the line would be __________ states. All states entering the Union south
of the line would become ____________ states. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 was meant to calm things down a
bit. But it would be a temporary solution and would not solve the issue of slavery which that would come to divide the
nation again.
Tariff of Abomination: Southerners had grown increasingly hostile towards tariffs since they were first passed in 1816.
Southerners argued that the tariffs discriminated against them and favored _____________ businesses. The tariffs made
it more expensive to buy goods from other countries. When the United States Congress passed a protective tax in 1828,
then Vice President John C. Calhoun anonymously wrote an __________ in which he argued that the tariff was
unconstitutional. Calhoun argued that individual states had the right to __________ or veto any federal law and even
secede from the Union. This position threatened the unity of the United States and the exclusive right of the
_______________ Court to decide whether or not an act of Congress was constitutional. This was the Nullification
Crisis.
Nullification Crisis—A showdown between South Carolina and the federal government in the early _________. South
Carolina wanted to nullify, or void, a __________ (tax on imported goods) that helped the Northern states, but hurt
business at South Carolina’s port of Charleston. Vice-president and South Carolina native John Calhoun led the fight
against ___________ Andrew Jackson (Jackson felt that the Union would fall apart if states were allowed to override
federal laws). Eventually, a compromise was reached that eased tensions.
The Mexican War and more land in the West! Continued expansion as a result of the Mexican War led to further
controversy over the ______________ of slavery. The U.S. would fight Mexico and in 1847 would pick up more land!
This included Texas and most of the ________________. James Gadsen of South Carolina would go back to Mexico and
get even more land for the U.S in the South west. Even before the Mexican War ended, the question of whether slavery
should be allowed to spread to the new ______________ became a heated one. In 1849, California would request to be
admitted to the United States as a __________ state. The entry of California would disrupt the carefully planned
balance of free states to slave states form the Missouri Compromise.
The Compromise of 1850: Another compromise was reached! The Compromise of 1850 would have 4 parts to it. It did
allow California to enter the Union as a free state. It created two new large territories-_________ and New Mexico.
These states were given the choice on whether they wanted slavery or not. This was called _____________ sovereignty.
Another part of the Compromise of 1850 stopped the slave trade in Washington, DC- but it did not outlaw slavery there.
The fourth part of the compromise was the most controversial. It strengthened the ______________ Slave Law. This
required Northerners by law to return any runaway slaves to the Southern owners. Escaped slave had to be returned or
_________________ might be fined or imprisoned.
This last provision caused much controversy as northern states passed laws attempting to ____________ escaped
slaves. Sympathy for fugitive slaves intensified with the publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin written by Harriet Beecher
______________in protest against the Fugitive Slave Act while southerners decried the ‘misconceptions’ about slavery
that the book portrayed.
Kansas-Nebraska Act: The next issue to escalate tensions and sectionalism was the Kansas-Nebraska Act. The KansasNebraska Act basically ______________ the Missouri Compromise. It organized the remaining land from the Louisiana
Purchase into two territories- Kansas and _____________. Bleeding Kansas- A showdown over slavery erupted in
Kansas. Northern abolitionists and southern slave owners temporarily moved into the Kansas Territory. Soon their
_________________ and bloodshed led people to call the area “Bleeding Kansas.”
Dred Scott Decision: In 1857, the Supreme Court would be the next to fan the _____________ of controversy. A
Missouri slave named Dred Scott had lived in free territories with his master. When his master died, Scott sued for his
______________. The Supreme Court shot down Dred Scot’s hopes for freedom with their decision. The Supreme Court
decided that African Americans were ______ citizens of the United States, even if they had been born in the United
States, and therefore they had no right to sue in the Supreme Court. In fact, the court said they had no rights at all. The
court went on to rule that Scott was _____________ and that the Constitution of the United States protects the owner
of property from having that property taken away by the government. According to this decision, Dred Scott was not
considered a __________, but property and had no rights. Congress could not pass measures such as the Missouri
Compromise or the Kansas Nebraska Act limiting the expansion of slavery into the territories. Such acts were ruled
unconstitutional because they denied the _________ owner the right to take his property anywhere that he wanted.
The Dred Scott decision did not end the controversy over slavery. Northerners claimed that the court would deny them
the right to ___________ slavery in their states and would end the idea of popular sovereignty, limiting democracy.
South Carolinians applauded the decision and accepted the Supreme Court’s ruling as the ____________ word on the
issue.
Harper’s Ferry Raid- Abolitionist John Brown’s raid on the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry in __________ and the
publicity that surrounded his trial further heightened sectionalism by stoking the fears of southern slave owners that
abolitionists and freed slaves would be a ______________ to their lives as well as their livelihoods.
President Abraham Lincoln: As the election of 1860 drew near, Abraham Lincoln would be thrust into the national
limelight. Lincoln would be the presidential _______________ for the new Republican Party. Abraham Lincoln
campaigned on a platform of ‘________ __________l’. “Free soil’ is the idea that slavery should not be allowed to
expand to the territories. Lincoln was not an abolitionist in 1860, but a free-soiler. Lincoln won the election with
electoral votes from the North. The South and Border States split their votes among _____________ candidates.
Secession: The election of Lincoln as president would be the _________ straw for the South. After Lincoln’s election,
South Carolina called a special convention and signed the Articles of ____________ claiming that the rights of South
Carolinians had not been and would not be protected by the federal government. Six other ________________ states
seceded soon after. The Civil War would begin.